Ethnic Cleansing

Last updated: June 11, 2026

In September 2023, Azerbaijan completed the ethnic cleansing of Artsakh (Nagorno Karabakh) through a 24-hour military offensive that expelled the entire Armenian population of the enclave. More than 150,000 Armenians fled or were forced to leave, ending Armenian habitation of Artsakh and marking the culmination of a process that began with the 44-Day War in 2020 and accelerated through border incursions, blockades, and military threats over the subsequent three years. The operation left Armenian towns and villages emptied and subject to Azerbaijani control, cultural erasure, and redevelopment under a new administration. Arayik Harutyunyan , the last Armenian administrator of Artsakh, oversaw the evacuation and subsequently resigned, acknowledging the catastrophic loss of Armenian territorial and political presence in the region.

The displacement created an immediate humanitarian and political crisis for Armenia. Tens of thousands of Artsakhtsis arrived in Armenia without homes, employment, or documentation recognizing their displaced status. Questions of property rights, compensation, and the right of return remained unresolved as Pashinyan pursued negotiations framed as “peace” but which involved accepting Armenian territorial loss without securing guarantees for displaced populations or their future repatriation. Arega Hovsepyan of Strong Armenia emphasized in February 2026 that displaced Artsakhtsis faced voting rights complications, documentation barriers, and inadequate government support, while cultural heritage sites throughout Artsakh were destroyed or repurposed under Azerbaijani administration. The ethnic cleansing also raised accountability questions: no international investigation was launched, and the responsibility of outside powers, particularly Russia , for failing to prevent the displacement remained contested even as Russian peacekeeping forces withdrew in September 2023.

Travel blogger YoungMin visited Artsakh after the ethnic cleansing and documented the controlled nature of access, the selective tourism permitted by Azerbaijani authorities, and the emotional reality of witnessing emptied Armenian towns undergoing redevelopment. The cleansing represents a finality that earlier ceasefire agreements had not guaranteed: the total removal of an Armenian population from a historically Armenian territory, accomplished through military force in the absence of international intervention.

Institutional Erasure and Memory Suppression

Beyond the physical displacement, the Pashinyan administration has committed to an institutional erasure of Artsakh from Armenian historical and political discourse. Under pressure from Azerbaijan’s capitulative demands—including constitutional amendments removing references to Artsakh—the government has vowed to suppress memory of Artsakh and to punish those who attempt to resurrect or commemorate it. This represents a second phase of erasure: first the expulsion of the Armenian population, then the suppression of Armenian claims to historical memory. Individuals and organizations that continue to advocate for Artsakh’s Armenian identity or the rights of displaced Artsakhtsis face legal and administrative consequences, effectively criminalizing historical memory and political dissent.

The Armenian Church , historically the keeper of Armenian identity and memory, has emerged as one of the few institutions willing to advocate publicly for Artsakh Armenians and their rights. The Catholicos (Primate) of the Armenian Apostolic Church participated in a Bern meeting in 2024 where the issue of Karabakh was discussed, affirming the Church’s continued commitment to Artsakh Armenians. In response, Pashinyan’s government intensified its attacks against the Church, viewing it as a threat to the institutional erasure project. The state has targeted Church leadership with arrests and accusations, sought to restrict the Church’s autonomy, and pressured the Church to abandon its advocacy for displaced Artsakhtsis. These attacks represent the government’s determination to eliminate all institutional voices capable of preserving Armenian memory and historical claims to Artsakh.

Continuity with the Armenian Genocide

Some scholars and Armenian analysts view the ethnic cleansing of Artsakh as a continuation of the Armenian Genocide of 1915, arguing that the dispossession, displacement, and cultural erasure reflect a persistent pattern of territorial and demographic elimination spanning more than a century. The 2023 operation completed what Ottoman forces began in 1915: the removal of Armenians from territories they had inhabited for millennia. This perspective emphasizes that the international community’s failure to recognize or prevent the Artsakh cleansing perpetuates a historical pattern of impunity for crimes against the Armenian people, allowing successive regimes to complete the work of erasure—both physical and institutional—without facing accountability or consequences.

Whether Armenia will ever achieve a right of return for displaced Artsakhtsis, whether the international community will recognize the cleansing as such, and whether Armenia can maintain Armenian identity and claims to Artsakh absent an Armenian population remain open questions shaping Armenia’s political discourse and its negotiations with Azerbaijan as of 2026.

Groong episodes that include this tag

Below are all Groong episodes tagged with Ethnic Cleansing.

Guest:

Topics:

  • French Connection
  • Russian-Armenian Dialog
  • Negotiations and Risk of War

Episode 311 | Recorded: February 27, 2024

Guest:

Topics:

  • French Connection
  • Russian-Armenian Dialog
  • Negotiations and Risk of War

Episode 311 | Recorded: February 27, 2024

Guest:

Topics:

  • Yerevan City Politics
  • Aliyev “Elections”
  • Armenia-Georgia Strategic Partnership
  • Latest MPG Poll Review

Episode 309 | Recorded: Feb 11, 2024

Guest:

Topics:

  • Yerevan City Politics
  • Aliyev “Elections”
  • Armenia-Georgia Strategic Partnership
  • Latest MPG Poll Review

Episode 309 | Recorded: Feb 11, 2024

Guest:

Topics:

  • Armenia Azerbaijan Negotiations
  • Is Armenia Rearming itself?
  • Pashinyan and the Constitution

Episode 305 | Recorded: January 29, 2024

Guest:

Topics:

  • Armenia Azerbaijan Negotiations
  • Is Armenia Rearming itself?
  • Pashinyan and the Constitution

Episode 305 | Recorded: January 29, 2024

Guest:

Topics:

  • World in Conflict
    • Ukraine, Israel-Gaza, Middle East
  • Armenia Azerbaijan Negotiations
  • Prognosis for 2024
  • Thoughts from the Participants

Episode 304 | Recorded: January 22, 2024

Guest:

Topics:

  • World in Conflict
    • Ukraine, Israel-Gaza, Middle East
  • Armenia Azerbaijan Negotiations
  • Prognosis for 2024
  • Thoughts from the Participants

Episode 304 | Recorded: January 22, 2024

Guest:

Topics:

  • An Armenian in St. Petersburg, Russia
  • Russian Perceptions and Outlook on the War in Ukraine
  • Perceptions of Armenia and Artsakh in Russia
  • World Events that might Affect Outcome of the War in Ukraine
  • Where do Armenia and Artsakh Figure in a New World Order?

Episode 303 | Recorded: January 22, 2024

Guest:

Topics:

  • An Armenian in St. Petersburg, Russia
  • Russian Perceptions and Outlook on the War in Ukraine
  • Perceptions of Armenia and Artsakh in Russia
  • World Events that might Affect Outcome of the War in Ukraine
  • Where do Armenia and Artsakh Figure in a New World Order?

Episode 303 | Recorded: January 22, 2024

Guest:

Topics:

  • Public TV Cancels Catholicos New Year’s Address
  • Governor Hunting Season
  • “Zangezur corridor” redux; “Peace treaty”
  • Thoughts from the Participants
    • Podcasts, labels, and language of division

Episode 301 | Recorded: January 8, 2023

Guest:

Topics:

  • Public TV Cancels Catholicos New Year’s Address
  • Governor Hunting Season
  • “Zangezur corridor” redux; “Peace treaty”
  • Thoughts from the Participants
    • Podcasts, labels, and language of division

Episode 301 | Recorded: January 8, 2023

Guest:

Topics:

  • Artsakh President Annuls Dissolution of Republic
  • Insecurity without Borders
  • Pashinyan in St. Petersburg
  • Year-end 2023 Predictions Review
  • Predictions for 2024

Episode 300 | Recorded: December 31, 2023

Guest:

Topics:

  • Artsakh President Annuls Dissolution of Republic
  • Insecurity without Borders
  • Pashinyan in St. Petersburg
  • Year-end 2023 Predictions Review
  • Predictions for 2024

Episode 300 | Recorded: December 31, 2023

Guest:

Topics:

  • Negotiations
    • Strategy, Prisoner Exchange, “Point Zero”
  • The West’s Interests
  • Israel-Gaza Conflict

Episode 299 | Recorded: December 18, 2023

Guest:

Topics:

  • Negotiations
    • Strategy, Prisoner Exchange, “Point Zero”
  • The West’s Interests
  • Israel-Gaza Conflict

Episode 299 | Recorded: December 18, 2023

Guest:

Topics:

  • “No Peace” Treaty Negotiations
    • Turkish-Azeri goal: Demilitarized Armenia (aka Batumi Treaty 2.0)
    • Humiliating Swap of Azeri Criminals for Armenian Hostages
  • Aliyev Calls for Snap Elections
  • Russia-Armenian Relations
  • Russia-Ukraine War

Episode 297 | Recorded: December 10, 2023

Guest:

Topics:

  • “No Peace” Treaty Negotiations
    • Turkish-Azeri goal: Demilitarized Armenia (aka Batumi Treaty 2.0)
    • Humiliating Swap of Azeri Criminals for Armenian Hostages
  • Aliyev Calls for Snap Elections
  • Russia-Armenian Relations
  • Russia-Ukraine War

Episode 297 | Recorded: December 10, 2023

Guest:

Topics:

  • Armenian-Azerbaijani Negotiations
  • Armenian Diplomacy in the West
  • Relations with Russia

Episode 296 | Recorded: December 3, 2023

Guest:

Topics:

  • Armenian-Azerbaijani Negotiations
  • Armenian Diplomacy in the West
  • Relations with Russia

Episode 296 | Recorded: December 3, 2023

Guest:

Topics:

  • Aftermath of the Ethnic Cleansing of Artsakh
    • Shahramanyan meets Protesters
    • “Rights & Security”
    • Government-in-Exile
  • Israeli-Palestinian Conflict
    • Ripple Effects to the South Caucasus
    • Effects in the Middle East
    • Lebanon & the Armenian Community

Episode 288 | Recorded: October 22, 2023

Guest:

Topics:

  • Aftermath of the Ethnic Cleansing of Artsakh
    • Shahramanyan meets Protesters
    • “Rights & Security”
    • Government-in-Exile
  • Israeli-Palestinian Conflict
    • Ripple Effects to the South Caucasus
    • Effects in the Middle East
    • Lebanon & the Armenian Community

Episode 288 | Recorded: October 22, 2023

Guest:

Topics:

  • At the Brink of a New War?
  • Relations with Russia
  • Platform Shuffle: Brussels vs. Moscow
  • Update on Yerevan Mayor

Episode 286 | Recorded: October 17, 2023

Guest:

Topics:

  • At the Brink of a New War?
  • Relations with Russia
  • Platform Shuffle: Brussels vs. Moscow
  • Update on Yerevan Mayor

Episode 286 | Recorded: October 17, 2023

Guest:

Topics:

  • Genocide & Consequences
  • Legal Status of Former Artsakh Leadership
  • Artsakh Government in Exile

Episode 285 | Recorded: October 11, 2023

Guest:

Topics:

  • Genocide & Consequences
  • Legal Status of Former Artsakh Leadership
  • Artsakh Government in Exile

Episode 285 | Recorded: October 11, 2023

Guest:

Topics:

  • Israeli-Palestinian Conflict Flares Up
  • The Future of Artsakh and Artsakhtsis
  • Armenian-Azerbaijani Negotiations

Episode 284 | Recorded: October 9, 2023

Guest:

Topics:

  • Israeli-Palestinian Conflict Flares Up
  • The Future of Artsakh and Artsakhtsis
  • Armenian-Azerbaijani Negotiations

Episode 284 | Recorded: October 9, 2023

Guest:

Topics:

  • The Game of Alternatives
  • How does it apply to Negotiations?
  • Is Armenia Negotiating Effectively?

Episode 281 | Recorded: October 1, 2023

Guest:

Topics:

  • The Game of Alternatives
  • How does it apply to Negotiations?
  • Is Armenia Negotiating Effectively?

Episode 281 | Recorded: October 1, 2023

Guest:

Topics:

  • Artsakh Surrenders, Armenia Watches
  • What “Peace Treaty” in Granada?
  • Arrested Artsakh Leaders Held Hostage

Episode 281 | Recorded: October 1, 2023

Guest:

Topics:

  • Artsakh Surrenders, Armenia Watches
  • What “Peace Treaty” in Granada?
  • Arrested Artsakh Leaders Held Hostage

Episode 281 | Recorded: October 1, 2023

Guest:

Topics:

  • Azerbaijan Attacks Artsakh
  • Genocide in Progress

Episode 280 | Recorded: Sep 25, 2023

Guest:

Topics:

  • Azerbaijan Attacks Artsakh
  • Genocide in Progress

Episode 280 | Recorded: Sep 25, 2023

Guest:

Topics:

  • Armenian Azerbaijan Negotiations Continue
    • Negotiations in DC: chances of progress
    • Vartan Oskanian on negotiations
    • Rights and Security
    • Self-Determination for Artsakh
    • Border Demarcation
    • No Unblocking or Guarantees
  • Hayaqve.am
  • Rants

Episode 266 | Recorded: July 4, 2023

Guest:

Topics:

  • Armenian Azerbaijan Negotiations Continue
    • Negotiations in DC: chances of progress
    • Vartan Oskanian on negotiations
    • Rights and Security
    • Self-Determination for Artsakh
    • Border Demarcation
    • No Unblocking or Guarantees
  • Hayaqve.am
  • Rants

Episode 266 | Recorded: July 4, 2023

Guest:

Topics:

  • Armenia celebrates May 28
    • A new political movement, Mother Armenia, was announced.
  • Aliyev Threatens, Pashinyan Concedes
  • Erdogan Reelected President in Turkey
  • Goodbye CSTO, Hello NATO?

Episode 257 | Recorded: May 30, 2023

Guest:

Topics:

  • Armenia celebrates May 28
    • A new political movement, Mother Armenia, was announced.
  • Aliyev Threatens, Pashinyan Concedes
  • Erdogan Reelected President in Turkey
  • Goodbye CSTO, Hello NATO?

Episode 257 | Recorded: May 30, 2023

Guest:

Topics:

  • Accelerated Negotiations
    • Negotiations Carousel
    • Meghri Railway
    • Russia Finances Rasht-Astara
    • Rallies in Artsakh and Kornidzor
  • Artsakh Domestic Politics

Episode 256 | Recorded: May 22, 2023

Guest:

Topics:

  • Accelerated Negotiations
    • Negotiations Carousel
    • Meghri Railway
    • Russia Finances Rasht-Astara
    • Rallies in Artsakh and Kornidzor
  • Artsakh Domestic Politics

Episode 256 | Recorded: May 22, 2023

Guest:

Topics:

  • Armenia-Azerbaijan Negotiations Continue
  • Latest IRI Armenia Poll Results
  • Armenian Census 2022 - Preliminary Results

Episode 252 | Recorded: May 9, 2023

Guest:

Topics:

  • Armenia-Azerbaijan Negotiations Continue
  • Latest IRI Armenia Poll Results
  • Armenian Census 2022 - Preliminary Results

Episode 252 | Recorded: May 9, 2023

Guest:

Topics:

  • Azerbaijan Officially Blocks Berdzor/Lachin Corridor
  • Update on Armenian-Azeri Negotiations
  • Drug Use Epidemic in Armenia

Episode 251 | Recorded: May 1, 2023

Guest:

Topics:

  • Azerbaijan Officially Blocks Berdzor/Lachin Corridor
  • Update on Armenian-Azeri Negotiations
  • Drug Use Epidemic in Armenia

Episode 251 | Recorded: May 1, 2023

Artsakh Blockade Flash Update with Gev Iskajyan - Ep 250, Apr 28, 2023

Armenian News Network Groong - April 28, 2023

Guest:

Topics:

  • Lachin/Berdzor Corridor Blocked on April 23
    • So-called “Eco-activists” Have Left.
    • Armenian Rejects Discussions on Corridor Conditions
  • Does the Government have a plan?
  • Lentsov Replaces Volkov
  • Artsakh Farmers Fired Upon - Again
  • Would Artsakhtsis accept Azerbaijani Citizenship?

Episode 250 | Recorded: April 28, 2023

Artsakh Blockade Flash Update with Gev Iskajyan - Ep 250, Apr 28, 2023

Armenian News Network Groong - April 28, 2023

Guest:

Topics:

  • Lachin/Berdzor Corridor Blocked on April 23
    • So-called “Eco-activists” Have Left.
    • Armenian Rejects Discussions on Corridor Conditions
  • Does the Government have a plan?
  • Lentsov Replaces Volkov
  • Artsakh Farmers Fired Upon - Again
  • Would Artsakhtsis accept Azerbaijani Citizenship?

Episode 250 | Recorded: April 28, 2023

Guest:

Topics:

  • 35th Anniversary of the Sumgait Pogroms
  • Turkey after the Earthquake
  • One Year Anniversary of the War in Ukraine
  • Azerbaijan-Armenian Negotiations Continue
  • Personal topics

Episode 232 | Recorded: February 28, 2023

Guest:

Topics:

  • 35th Anniversary of the Sumgait Pogroms
  • Turkey after the Earthquake
  • One Year Anniversary of the War in Ukraine
  • Azerbaijan-Armenian Negotiations Continue
  • Personal topics

Episode 232 | Recorded: February 28, 2023

Artsakh Blockade Flash Update with Gev Iskajyan - Ep 223, Feb 9, 2023

Armenian News Network Groong - Feb 9, 2023

Guest:

Topics:

  • Snowy and cold weather sets in
  • Azerbaijan Switches off Gas again
  • Shifting Electricity Blackout Strategy
  • 25 Tons of Russian Aid Reach Stepanakert
  • Negotiations and Negotiators Continue
    • Redlines for Artsakh
  • Arayik Harutyunyan talks with Gagik Tsarukyan
  • Do not Take this Blockade Lightly!
  • Treasonous Mindsets in Armenian Government
    • Who Will They Fight For?

Episode 223 | Recorded: February 9, 2023

Artsakh Blockade Flash Update with Gev Iskajyan - Ep 223, Feb 9, 2023

Armenian News Network Groong - Feb 9, 2023

Guest:

Topics:

  • Snowy and cold weather sets in
  • Azerbaijan Switches off Gas again
  • Shifting Electricity Blackout Strategy
  • 25 Tons of Russian Aid Reach Stepanakert
  • Negotiations and Negotiators Continue
    • Redlines for Artsakh
  • Arayik Harutyunyan talks with Gagik Tsarukyan
  • Do not Take this Blockade Lightly!
  • Treasonous Mindsets in Armenian Government
    • Who Will They Fight For?

Episode 223 | Recorded: February 9, 2023

Artsakh Blockade Flash Update with Gev Iskajyan - Ep 216, Jan 24, 2023

Armenian News Network Groong - Jan 24, 2023

Guest:

Topics:

  • January 24 Update
  • Ruben Vardanyan on BBC HARDtalk
  • Importance of not normalizing tragedy

Episode 216 | Recorded: January 24, 2023

Artsakh Blockade Flash Update with Gev Iskajyan - Ep 216, Jan 24, 2023

Armenian News Network Groong - Jan 24, 2023

Guest:

Topics:

  • January 24 Update
  • Ruben Vardanyan on BBC HARDtalk
  • Importance of not normalizing tragedy

Episode 216 | Recorded: January 24, 2023

Artsakh Blockade Flash Update with Gev Iskajyan - Ep 215, Jan 22, 2023

Armenian News Network Groong - Jan 22, 2023

Guest:

Topics:

  • Gas Cutoff AGAIN
  • Azerbaijan’s Psychological and Political Games
  • Effect on the Electricity Grid
  • Pattern of Increasing Blackouts
  • Impressions from Askeran Region
  • Urban vs Rural Aspects of the Blockade
  • Risk of Normalizing the Pain of Artsakh
  • MP Metaxe Hakobyan’s concerns

Episode 215 | Recorded: January 22, 2023

Artsakh Blockade Flash Update with Gev Iskajyan - Ep 215, Jan 22, 2023

Armenian News Network Groong - Jan 22, 2023

Guest:

Topics:

  • Gas Cutoff AGAIN
  • Azerbaijan’s Psychological and Political Games
  • Effect on the Electricity Grid
  • Pattern of Increasing Blackouts
  • Impressions from Askeran Region
  • Urban vs Rural Aspects of the Blockade
  • Risk of Normalizing the Pain of Artsakh
  • MP Metaxe Hakobyan’s concerns

Episode 215 | Recorded: January 22, 2023

Artsakh Blockade Flash Update with Gev Iskajyan - Ep 208, Jan 17, 2023

Armenian News Network Groong - Jan 17, 2023

Guest:

Topics:

  • Gas Cutoff and Restoral
  • Increasing Rolling Blackouts of Electricity
  • Effects of Political Uncertainty

Episode 208 | Recorded: January 17, 2023

Artsakh Blockade Flash Update with Gev Iskajyan - Ep 208, Jan 17, 2023

Armenian News Network Groong - Jan 17, 2023

Guest:

Topics:

  • Gas Cutoff and Restoral
  • Increasing Rolling Blackouts of Electricity
  • Effects of Political Uncertainty

Episode 208 | Recorded: January 17, 2023

Artsakh Blockade Flash Update with Gev Iskajyan - Ep 203, Jan 13, 2023

Armenian News Network Groong - Jan 13, 2023

Guest:

Topics:

  • Internet Restored
  • Rolling Blackouts Continue
  • 33rd Day of #ArtsakhBlockade, and 33rd Anniversary of Baku & Sumgait Pogroms in Azerbaijan

Episode 203 | Recorded: January 13, 2023

Artsakh Blockade Flash Update with Gev Iskajyan - Ep 203, Jan 13, 2023

Armenian News Network Groong - Jan 13, 2023

Guest:

Topics:

  • Internet Restored
  • Rolling Blackouts Continue
  • 33rd Day of #ArtsakhBlockade, and 33rd Anniversary of Baku & Sumgait Pogroms in Azerbaijan

Episode 203 | Recorded: January 13, 2023

Guests:

  • William Bairamian , founder and editor of The Armenite. He has written extensively on Armenian politics, culture, and society. He received degrees in international affairs from Columbia University and UCLA.
  • Arthur Khachikyan , International Relations expert from Stanford University, specializing in Intervention. He currently teaches at the Russian Armenian University in Yerevan.

“This is a repeat of Srebrenica. To gradually strangle and force the people to leave.” -Arthur Khachikyan

Topic:

More than 120,000 people remain trapped in the Republic of Artsakh (or Nagorno-Karabakh)

 Read More

Guests:

  • William Bairamian , founder and editor of The Armenite. He has written extensively on Armenian politics, culture, and society. He received degrees in international affairs from Columbia University and UCLA.
  • Arthur Khachikyan , International Relations expert from Stanford University, specializing in Intervention. He currently teaches at the Russian Armenian University in Yerevan.

“This is a repeat of Srebrenica. To gradually strangle and force the people to leave.” -Arthur Khachikyan

Topic:

More than 120,000 people remain trapped in the Republic of Artsakh (or Nagorno-Karabakh)

 Read More