Ethnic Cleansing

Last updated: June 11, 2026

In September 2023, Azerbaijan completed the ethnic cleansing of Artsakh (Nagorno Karabakh) through a 24-hour military offensive that expelled the entire Armenian population of the enclave. More than 150,000 Armenians fled or were forced to leave, ending Armenian habitation of Artsakh and marking the culmination of a process that began with the 44-Day War in 2020 and accelerated through border incursions, blockades, and military threats over the subsequent three years. The operation left Armenian towns and villages emptied and subject to Azerbaijani control, cultural erasure, and redevelopment under a new administration. Arayik Harutyunyan , the last Armenian administrator of Artsakh, oversaw the evacuation and subsequently resigned, acknowledging the catastrophic loss of Armenian territorial and political presence in the region.

The displacement created an immediate humanitarian and political crisis for Armenia. Tens of thousands of Artsakhtsis arrived in Armenia without homes, employment, or documentation recognizing their displaced status. Questions of property rights, compensation, and the right of return remained unresolved as Pashinyan pursued negotiations framed as “peace” but which involved accepting Armenian territorial loss without securing guarantees for displaced populations or their future repatriation. Arega Hovsepyan of Strong Armenia emphasized in February 2026 that displaced Artsakhtsis faced voting rights complications, documentation barriers, and inadequate government support, while cultural heritage sites throughout Artsakh were destroyed or repurposed under Azerbaijani administration. The ethnic cleansing also raised accountability questions: no international investigation was launched, and the responsibility of outside powers, particularly Russia , for failing to prevent the displacement remained contested even as Russian peacekeeping forces withdrew in September 2023.

Travel blogger YoungMin visited Artsakh after the ethnic cleansing and documented the controlled nature of access, the selective tourism permitted by Azerbaijani authorities, and the emotional reality of witnessing emptied Armenian towns undergoing redevelopment. The cleansing represents a finality that earlier ceasefire agreements had not guaranteed: the total removal of an Armenian population from a historically Armenian territory, accomplished through military force in the absence of international intervention.

Institutional Erasure and Memory Suppression

Beyond the physical displacement, the Pashinyan administration has committed to an institutional erasure of Artsakh from Armenian historical and political discourse. Under pressure from Azerbaijan’s capitulative demands—including constitutional amendments removing references to Artsakh—the government has vowed to suppress memory of Artsakh and to punish those who attempt to resurrect or commemorate it. This represents a second phase of erasure: first the expulsion of the Armenian population, then the suppression of Armenian claims to historical memory. Individuals and organizations that continue to advocate for Artsakh’s Armenian identity or the rights of displaced Artsakhtsis face legal and administrative consequences, effectively criminalizing historical memory and political dissent.

The Armenian Church , historically the keeper of Armenian identity and memory, has emerged as one of the few institutions willing to advocate publicly for Artsakh Armenians and their rights. The Catholicos (Primate) of the Armenian Apostolic Church participated in a Bern meeting in 2024 where the issue of Karabakh was discussed, affirming the Church’s continued commitment to Artsakh Armenians. In response, Pashinyan’s government intensified its attacks against the Church, viewing it as a threat to the institutional erasure project. The state has targeted Church leadership with arrests and accusations, sought to restrict the Church’s autonomy, and pressured the Church to abandon its advocacy for displaced Artsakhtsis. These attacks represent the government’s determination to eliminate all institutional voices capable of preserving Armenian memory and historical claims to Artsakh.

Continuity with the Armenian Genocide

Some scholars and Armenian analysts view the ethnic cleansing of Artsakh as a continuation of the Armenian Genocide of 1915, arguing that the dispossession, displacement, and cultural erasure reflect a persistent pattern of territorial and demographic elimination spanning more than a century. The 2023 operation completed what Ottoman forces began in 1915: the removal of Armenians from territories they had inhabited for millennia. This perspective emphasizes that the international community’s failure to recognize or prevent the Artsakh cleansing perpetuates a historical pattern of impunity for crimes against the Armenian people, allowing successive regimes to complete the work of erasure—both physical and institutional—without facing accountability or consequences.

Whether Armenia will ever achieve a right of return for displaced Artsakhtsis, whether the international community will recognize the cleansing as such, and whether Armenia can maintain Armenian identity and claims to Artsakh absent an Armenian population remain open questions shaping Armenia’s political discourse and its negotiations with Azerbaijan as of 2026.

Groong episodes that include this tag

Below are all Groong episodes tagged with Ethnic Cleansing.

Guest:

Topics:

  • US Leadership Changes
  • Iran Armenia Relations
  • Russian-Armenian Relations
  • EU Push for an Agreement
  • Srbazan Movement Next Steps

Episode 351 | Recorded: August 6, 2024

Guest:

Topics:

  • Economy in the First Half of 2024
  • State Revenues & Spending
  • Finance Sector
  • Looking Ahead

Episode 350 | Recorded: August 1, 2024

Guest:

Topics:

  • Economy in the First Half of 2024
  • State Revenues & Spending
  • Finance Sector
  • Looking Ahead

Episode 350 | Recorded: August 1, 2024

Guest:

Topics:

  • Who Will be the Next Leader of the US?
  • Turkish-Armenian Talks
  • US-Armenian Defense Coop
  • Armenia Azerbaijan Talks

Episode 348 | Recorded: July 30, 2024

Guest:

Topics:

  • Who Will be the Next Leader of the US?
  • Turkish-Armenian Talks
  • US-Armenian Defense Coop
  • Armenia Azerbaijan Talks

Episode 348 | Recorded: July 30, 2024

Guest:

Topics:

  • New Leadership Coming to Many Countries
  • Aliyev Continues to Thumb the Nose of The West
  • Permanent US Defense Attaché to Armenia
  • Mid-year Review of our 2024 Predictions

Episode 347 | Recorded: July 22, 2024

Guest:

Topics:

  • New Leadership Coming to Many Countries
  • Aliyev Continues to Thumb the Nose of The West
  • Permanent US Defense Attaché to Armenia
  • Mid-year Review of our 2024 Predictions

Episode 347 | Recorded: July 22, 2024

Guest:

Topics:

  • Prospect of Trump Presidency on the Caucasus
  • Mirzoyan at NATO Summit in DC
  • Parade of US Officials in Armenia
  • MPG Poll

Episode 345 | Recorded: July 16, 2024

Guest:

Topics:

  • Prospect of Trump Presidency on the Caucasus
  • Mirzoyan at NATO Summit in DC
  • Parade of US Officials in Armenia
  • MPG Poll

Episode 345 | Recorded: July 16, 2024

Guest:

Topics:

  • Armenia, Azerbaijan, at NATO Summit
  • Border Talks Still in Chaos
    • Srbazan in Syunik
    • Pashinyan in Syunik
  • Srbazan Movement
  • Arms, or Alms for Armenia?
    • Orban, Aliyev’s Man inside the EU
    • Eagle Partner 2024 in Armenia

Episode 342 | Recorded: July 8, 2024

Guest:

Topics:

  • Armenia, Azerbaijan, at NATO Summit
  • Border Talks Still in Chaos
    • Srbazan in Syunik
    • Pashinyan in Syunik
  • Srbazan Movement
  • Arms, or Alms for Armenia?
    • Orban, Aliyev’s Man inside the EU
    • Eagle Partner 2024 in Armenia

Episode 342 | Recorded: July 8, 2024

Guest:

Topics:

  • Background on the Lemkin Institute
  • Genocide in Artsakh
  • Armenian Government’s Genocide Denial
  • Gaza and other Genocides

Episode 341 | Recorded: June 25, 2024

Guest:

Topics:

  • Background on the Lemkin Institute
  • Genocide in Artsakh
  • Armenian Government’s Genocide Denial
  • Gaza and other Genocides

Episode 341 | Recorded: June 25, 2024

Guest:

Topics:

  • Heavy Rainstorms Flood Northern Armenia
  • Bagrat Srbazan Movement
    • Church and State
  • Geopolitical Developments
  • Rights and Security for Artsakh Armenians

Episode 334 | Recorded: June 3, 2024

Guest:

Topics:

  • Heavy Rainstorms Flood Northern Armenia
  • Bagrat Srbazan Movement
    • Church and State
  • Geopolitical Developments
  • Rights and Security for Artsakh Armenians

Episode 334 | Recorded: June 3, 2024

Guest:

Topics:

  • Tavush Protests Gain Momentum
  • Pashinyan Pressing Ahead with Land Concessions
  • Poll Results on Tavush Protests

Episode 331 | Recorded: May 18, 2024

Guest:

Topics:

  • Tavush Protests Gain Momentum
  • Pashinyan Pressing Ahead with Land Concessions
  • Poll Results on Tavush Protests

Episode 331 | Recorded: May 18, 2024

Guest:

Topics:

  • Tavush Demarcation and Delimitation
  • Bagrat Srbazan Coming to Yerevan
  • Hungary Blocks EU Aid to Armenia

Episode 328 | Recorded: May 5, 2024

Guest:

Topics:

  • Tavush Demarcation and Delimitation
  • Bagrat Srbazan Coming to Yerevan
  • Hungary Blocks EU Aid to Armenia

Episode 328 | Recorded: May 5, 2024

Guest:

Topics:

  • Armenia Azerbaijan Talks
  • Iran Amidst Conflicts
  • Political Prisoners

Episode 324 | Recorded: April 16, 2024

Guest:

Topics:

  • Armenia Azerbaijan Talks
  • Iran Amidst Conflicts
  • Political Prisoners

Episode 324 | Recorded: April 16, 2024

Guest:

Topics:

  • Trilateral US-EU-Armenia Meeting
  • Talks with Azerbaijan
    • Tavush: What has Pashinyan Promised
  • Relations with Russia in Freefall
  • Pashinyan Suppressing Artsakh Leadership

Episode 323 | Recorded: April 8, 2024

Guest:

Topics:

  • Trilateral US-EU-Armenia Meeting
  • Talks with Azerbaijan
    • Tavush: What has Pashinyan Promised
  • Relations with Russia in Freefall
  • Pashinyan Suppressing Artsakh Leadership

Episode 323 | Recorded: April 8, 2024

Topics:

  • US Strategic Interests in the South Caucasus
  • The Challenge of Armenia’s Neighborhood
  • Weaponry that could help Armenia
  • Clear Expectations and Limits
  • The Turkish Factor
  • The Iranian Factor

Guest:

Episode 321 | Recorded: March 26, 2024

Topics:

  • US Strategic Interests in the South Caucasus
  • The Challenge of Armenia’s Neighborhood
  • Weaponry that could help Armenia
  • Clear Expectations and Limits
  • The Turkish Factor
  • The Iranian Factor

Guest:

Episode 321 | Recorded: March 26, 2024

Guest:

Topics:

  • Terror Attack in Moscow
  • Growing List of Political Prisoners in Armenia
    • Narek Samsonyan & Vazgen Saghatelyan brutally arrested
    • Narek Malyan Exonerated, Remains Jailed
  • Pashinyan in Tavush
  • Stoltenberg’s in the South Caucasus

Episode 320 | Recorded: March 25, 2024

Guest:

Topics:

  • Terror Attack in Moscow
  • Growing List of Political Prisoners in Armenia
    • Narek Samsonyan & Vazgen Saghatelyan brutally arrested
    • Narek Malyan Exonerated, Remains Jailed
  • Pashinyan in Tavush
  • Stoltenberg’s in the South Caucasus

Episode 320 | Recorded: March 25, 2024

Guest:

Topics:

  • Reactions to Interview with Canadian Ambassador
  • More Concessions Signaled by Pashinyan
  • EU Parliament Resolution on Armenia
  • Fish Rots from the Head

Episode 318 | Recorded: March 18, 2024

Guest:

Topics:

  • Reactions to Interview with Canadian Ambassador
  • More Concessions Signaled by Pashinyan
  • EU Parliament Resolution on Armenia
  • Fish Rots from the Head

Episode 318 | Recorded: March 18, 2024

Topics:

  • IRI Poll, December 2023
  • MPG Poll, February 2024

Guest:

Topics:

Episode 317 | Recorded: March 16, 2024

Topics:

  • IRI Poll, December 2023
  • MPG Poll, February 2024

Guest:

Topics:

Episode 317 | Recorded: March 16, 2024

Guest:

Topics:

  • Establishment of Canadian Embassy in Armenia
  • EU Monitoring Mission in Armenia (EUMA)
  • Political Prisoners
  • Canadian Military Supplies to Turkey

Episode 316 | Recorded: March 15, 2024

Guest:

Topics:

  • Establishment of Canadian Embassy in Armenia
  • EU Monitoring Mission in Armenia (EUMA)
  • Political Prisoners
  • Canadian Military Supplies to Turkey

Episode 316 | Recorded: March 15, 2024

Guest:

Topics:

  • Iran Parliamentary Elections
  • Geopolitical U-turn in Armenia?
  • Iran Armenia Relations
  • Anti-Iranian Propaganda from NGOs

Episode 314 | Recorded: March 11, 2024

Guest:

Topics:

  • Iran Parliamentary Elections
  • Geopolitical U-turn in Armenia?
  • Iran Armenia Relations
  • Anti-Iranian Propaganda from NGOs

Episode 314 | Recorded: March 11, 2024

Guest:

Topics:

  • Armenia Stalled
    • Stalled with Enemies
    • Stalled with Allies
  • Economic Diversification
  • Fish Rots from the Head

Episode 313 | Recorded: Mar 11, 2024

Guest:

Topics:

  • Armenia Stalled
    • Stalled with Enemies
    • Stalled with Allies
  • Economic Diversification
  • Fish Rots from the Head

Episode 313 | Recorded: Mar 11, 2024

On February 24, a group of Russian and Armenian experts met in Congress hotel in Yerevan to discuss the state of Armenia-Russia relations. The discussion was friendly but tough and frank. Our guest from episode #311 was one of the participants in that discussion.

Guest:

Topics:

  • Remembering Sumgait Pogroms
  • Russian-Armenian Experts Dialog
  • Exit from CSTO?
  • Armenian-Azerbaijani Negotiations
  • Edmon Marukyan Resigns

Episode 312 | Recorded: Mar 3, 2024

Guest:

Topics:

  • Remembering Sumgait Pogroms
  • Russian-Armenian Experts Dialog
  • Exit from CSTO?
  • Armenian-Azerbaijani Negotiations
  • Edmon Marukyan Resigns

Episode 312 | Recorded: Mar 3, 2024

Guest:

Topics:

  • French Connection
  • Russian-Armenian Dialog
  • Negotiations and Risk of War

Episode 311 | Recorded: February 27, 2024

Guest:

Topics:

  • French Connection
  • Russian-Armenian Dialog
  • Negotiations and Risk of War

Episode 311 | Recorded: February 27, 2024

Guest:

Topics:

  • Yerevan City Politics
  • Aliyev “Elections”
  • Armenia-Georgia Strategic Partnership
  • Latest MPG Poll Review

Episode 309 | Recorded: Feb 11, 2024

Guest:

Topics:

  • Yerevan City Politics
  • Aliyev “Elections”
  • Armenia-Georgia Strategic Partnership
  • Latest MPG Poll Review

Episode 309 | Recorded: Feb 11, 2024

Guest:

Topics:

  • Armenia Azerbaijan Negotiations
  • Is Armenia Rearming itself?
  • Pashinyan and the Constitution

Episode 305 | Recorded: January 29, 2024

Guest:

Topics:

  • Armenia Azerbaijan Negotiations
  • Is Armenia Rearming itself?
  • Pashinyan and the Constitution

Episode 305 | Recorded: January 29, 2024

Guest:

Topics:

  • World in Conflict
    • Ukraine, Israel-Gaza, Middle East
  • Armenia Azerbaijan Negotiations
  • Prognosis for 2024
  • Thoughts from the Participants

Episode 304 | Recorded: January 22, 2024

Guest:

Topics:

  • World in Conflict
    • Ukraine, Israel-Gaza, Middle East
  • Armenia Azerbaijan Negotiations
  • Prognosis for 2024
  • Thoughts from the Participants

Episode 304 | Recorded: January 22, 2024

Guest:

Topics:

  • An Armenian in St. Petersburg, Russia
  • Russian Perceptions and Outlook on the War in Ukraine
  • Perceptions of Armenia and Artsakh in Russia
  • World Events that might Affect Outcome of the War in Ukraine
  • Where do Armenia and Artsakh Figure in a New World Order?

Episode 303 | Recorded: January 22, 2024

Guest:

Topics:

  • An Armenian in St. Petersburg, Russia
  • Russian Perceptions and Outlook on the War in Ukraine
  • Perceptions of Armenia and Artsakh in Russia
  • World Events that might Affect Outcome of the War in Ukraine
  • Where do Armenia and Artsakh Figure in a New World Order?

Episode 303 | Recorded: January 22, 2024

Guest:

Topics:

  • Public TV Cancels Catholicos New Year’s Address
  • Governor Hunting Season
  • “Zangezur corridor” redux; “Peace treaty”
  • Thoughts from the Participants
    • Podcasts, labels, and language of division

Episode 301 | Recorded: January 8, 2023

Guest:

Topics:

  • Public TV Cancels Catholicos New Year’s Address
  • Governor Hunting Season
  • “Zangezur corridor” redux; “Peace treaty”
  • Thoughts from the Participants
    • Podcasts, labels, and language of division

Episode 301 | Recorded: January 8, 2023

Guest:

Topics:

  • Artsakh President Annuls Dissolution of Republic
  • Insecurity without Borders
  • Pashinyan in St. Petersburg
  • Year-end 2023 Predictions Review
  • Predictions for 2024

Episode 300 | Recorded: December 31, 2023

Guest:

Topics:

  • Artsakh President Annuls Dissolution of Republic
  • Insecurity without Borders
  • Pashinyan in St. Petersburg
  • Year-end 2023 Predictions Review
  • Predictions for 2024

Episode 300 | Recorded: December 31, 2023

Guest:

Topics:

  • Negotiations
    • Strategy, Prisoner Exchange, “Point Zero”
  • The West’s Interests
  • Israel-Gaza Conflict

Episode 299 | Recorded: December 18, 2023

Guest:

Topics:

  • Negotiations
    • Strategy, Prisoner Exchange, “Point Zero”
  • The West’s Interests
  • Israel-Gaza Conflict

Episode 299 | Recorded: December 18, 2023

Guest:

Topics:

  • “No Peace” Treaty Negotiations
    • Turkish-Azeri goal: Demilitarized Armenia (aka Batumi Treaty 2.0)
    • Humiliating Swap of Azeri Criminals for Armenian Hostages
  • Aliyev Calls for Snap Elections
  • Russia-Armenian Relations
  • Russia-Ukraine War

Episode 297 | Recorded: December 10, 2023

Guest:

Topics:

  • “No Peace” Treaty Negotiations
    • Turkish-Azeri goal: Demilitarized Armenia (aka Batumi Treaty 2.0)
    • Humiliating Swap of Azeri Criminals for Armenian Hostages
  • Aliyev Calls for Snap Elections
  • Russia-Armenian Relations
  • Russia-Ukraine War

Episode 297 | Recorded: December 10, 2023

Guest:

Topics:

  • Armenian-Azerbaijani Negotiations
  • Armenian Diplomacy in the West
  • Relations with Russia

Episode 296 | Recorded: December 3, 2023

Guest:

Topics:

  • Armenian-Azerbaijani Negotiations
  • Armenian Diplomacy in the West
  • Relations with Russia

Episode 296 | Recorded: December 3, 2023