Ethnic Cleansing

Last updated: June 11, 2026

In September 2023, Azerbaijan completed the ethnic cleansing of Artsakh (Nagorno Karabakh) through a 24-hour military offensive that expelled the entire Armenian population of the enclave. More than 150,000 Armenians fled or were forced to leave, ending Armenian habitation of Artsakh and marking the culmination of a process that began with the 44-Day War in 2020 and accelerated through border incursions, blockades, and military threats over the subsequent three years. The operation left Armenian towns and villages emptied and subject to Azerbaijani control, cultural erasure, and redevelopment under a new administration. Arayik Harutyunyan , the last Armenian administrator of Artsakh, oversaw the evacuation and subsequently resigned, acknowledging the catastrophic loss of Armenian territorial and political presence in the region.

The displacement created an immediate humanitarian and political crisis for Armenia. Tens of thousands of Artsakhtsis arrived in Armenia without homes, employment, or documentation recognizing their displaced status. Questions of property rights, compensation, and the right of return remained unresolved as Pashinyan pursued negotiations framed as “peace” but which involved accepting Armenian territorial loss without securing guarantees for displaced populations or their future repatriation. Arega Hovsepyan of Strong Armenia emphasized in February 2026 that displaced Artsakhtsis faced voting rights complications, documentation barriers, and inadequate government support, while cultural heritage sites throughout Artsakh were destroyed or repurposed under Azerbaijani administration. The ethnic cleansing also raised accountability questions: no international investigation was launched, and the responsibility of outside powers, particularly Russia , for failing to prevent the displacement remained contested even as Russian peacekeeping forces withdrew in September 2023.

Travel blogger YoungMin visited Artsakh after the ethnic cleansing and documented the controlled nature of access, the selective tourism permitted by Azerbaijani authorities, and the emotional reality of witnessing emptied Armenian towns undergoing redevelopment. The cleansing represents a finality that earlier ceasefire agreements had not guaranteed: the total removal of an Armenian population from a historically Armenian territory, accomplished through military force in the absence of international intervention.

Institutional Erasure and Memory Suppression

Beyond the physical displacement, the Pashinyan administration has committed to an institutional erasure of Artsakh from Armenian historical and political discourse. Under pressure from Azerbaijan’s capitulative demands—including constitutional amendments removing references to Artsakh—the government has vowed to suppress memory of Artsakh and to punish those who attempt to resurrect or commemorate it. This represents a second phase of erasure: first the expulsion of the Armenian population, then the suppression of Armenian claims to historical memory. Individuals and organizations that continue to advocate for Artsakh’s Armenian identity or the rights of displaced Artsakhtsis face legal and administrative consequences, effectively criminalizing historical memory and political dissent.

The Armenian Church , historically the keeper of Armenian identity and memory, has emerged as one of the few institutions willing to advocate publicly for Artsakh Armenians and their rights. The Catholicos (Primate) of the Armenian Apostolic Church participated in a Bern meeting in 2024 where the issue of Karabakh was discussed, affirming the Church’s continued commitment to Artsakh Armenians. In response, Pashinyan’s government intensified its attacks against the Church, viewing it as a threat to the institutional erasure project. The state has targeted Church leadership with arrests and accusations, sought to restrict the Church’s autonomy, and pressured the Church to abandon its advocacy for displaced Artsakhtsis. These attacks represent the government’s determination to eliminate all institutional voices capable of preserving Armenian memory and historical claims to Artsakh.

Continuity with the Armenian Genocide

Some scholars and Armenian analysts view the ethnic cleansing of Artsakh as a continuation of the Armenian Genocide of 1915, arguing that the dispossession, displacement, and cultural erasure reflect a persistent pattern of territorial and demographic elimination spanning more than a century. The 2023 operation completed what Ottoman forces began in 1915: the removal of Armenians from territories they had inhabited for millennia. This perspective emphasizes that the international community’s failure to recognize or prevent the Artsakh cleansing perpetuates a historical pattern of impunity for crimes against the Armenian people, allowing successive regimes to complete the work of erasure—both physical and institutional—without facing accountability or consequences.

Whether Armenia will ever achieve a right of return for displaced Artsakhtsis, whether the international community will recognize the cleansing as such, and whether Armenia can maintain Armenian identity and claims to Artsakh absent an Armenian population remain open questions shaping Armenia’s political discourse and its negotiations with Azerbaijan as of 2026.

Groong episodes that include this tag

Below are all Groong episodes tagged with Ethnic Cleansing.

Guest:

Topics:

  • Armenian Azerbaijani Stalled Talks
  • Fall of Syria
  • Defense Politics
  • Un-Civil Strife

Episode 401 | Recorded: December 24, 2024

Guest:

Topics:

  • Memories of the Artsakh Blockade
  • Ethnic Cleansing
  • Trump Returns to the White House

Episode 397 | Recorded: December 18, 2024

Guest:

Topics:

  • Memories of the Artsakh Blockade
  • Ethnic Cleansing
  • Trump Returns to the White House

Episode 397 | Recorded: December 18, 2024

Guest:

Topics:

  • Syria and the Middle East
  • The South Caucasus
  • Intelligence, Surveillance, Reconnaissance
  • 44-Day War and the ISR Factor
  • Fueling Other Wars

Episode 395 | Recorded: December 12, 2024

Guest:

Topics:

  • Syria and the Middle East
  • The South Caucasus
  • Intelligence, Surveillance, Reconnaissance
  • 44-Day War and the ISR Factor
  • Fueling Other Wars

Episode 395 | Recorded: December 12, 2024

Syria and the Middle East. The South Caucasus. Intelligence, Surveillance, Reconnaissance. 44-Day War and the ISR Factor. Fueling Other Wars.

Guest:

Topics:

  • Remembering the 1988 Earthquake in Spitak, Armenia
  • Aliyev’s “New” Demands
  • The Fall of Syria
  • Georgia’s Post-Election Unrest
  • Civil Contract Disobedience

Episode 394 | Recorded: December 9, 2024

Guest:

Topics:

  • Remembering the 1988 Earthquake in Spitak, Armenia
  • Aliyev’s “New” Demands
  • The Fall of Syria
  • Georgia’s Post-Election Unrest
  • Civil Contract Disobedience

Episode 394 | Recorded: December 9, 2024

Guest:

Topics:

  • Turkey’s Role in the 44-Day War
  • NATO and Intelligence Sharing
  • Global Power Rivalries
  • Lessons from U.S. Intelligence Practices

Episode 392 | Recorded: December 2, 2024

Guest:

Topics:

  • Turkey’s Role in the 44-Day War
  • NATO and Intelligence Sharing
  • Global Power Rivalries
  • Lessons from U.S. Intelligence Practices

Episode 392 | Recorded: December 2, 2024

Turkey’s Role in the 44-Day War. NATO and Intelligence Sharing. Global Power Rivalries. Lessons from U.S. Intelligence Practices.

Guest:

Topics:

  • COP29 Post-Mortem
  • Azerbaijan Slams Polish President in Armenia
  • Developments in the Middle East
  • Post-election Developments in Georgia
  • Russian Intel Warnings to Armenia

Episode 390 | Recorded: December 2, 2024

Guest:

Topics:

  • COP29 Post-Mortem
  • Azerbaijan Slams Polish President in Armenia
  • Developments in the Middle East
  • Post-election Developments in Georgia
  • Russian Intel Warnings to Armenia

Episode 390 | Recorded: December 2, 2024

Guest:

Topics:

  • Armenia Azerbaijan Talks
  • Draft 2025 State Budget
  • Armenian Internal Politics

Episode 385 | Recorded: November 13, 2024

Guest:

Topics:

  • Armenia Azerbaijan Talks
  • Draft 2025 State Budget
  • Armenian Internal Politics

Episode 385 | Recorded: November 13, 2024

Guest:

Topic:

  • Armenia, Armenian Americans, Artsakh
  • Ukraine War, NATO, China
  • Israel, Gaza, Lebanon, Iran

Episode 384 | Recorded: April 3, 2023

Guest:

Topic:

  • Armenia, Armenian Americans, Artsakh
  • Ukraine War, NATO, China
  • Israel, Gaza, Lebanon, Iran

Episode 384 | Recorded: April 3, 2023

Guest:

Topics:

  • China, and the New World Order
  • BRICS Summit and Multipolarity
    • Armenia at BRICS
  • Georgian Elections in 2024

Episode 382 | Recorded: October 29, 2024

Guest:

Topics:

  • China, and the New World Order
  • BRICS Summit and Multipolarity
    • Armenia at BRICS
  • Georgian Elections in 2024

Episode 382 | Recorded: October 29, 2024

Guest:

Topics:

  • Georgian Elections Outcome
  • Political Landscape
  • Effect on Armenia and Beyond

Episode 381 | Recorded: November 3, 2024

Guest:

Topics:

  • Georgian Elections Outcome
  • Political Landscape
  • Effect on Armenia and Beyond

Episode 381 | Recorded: November 3, 2024

Guest:

Topics:

On the Major US Presidential Candidates Do Minor Candidates Matter for us? Are We Organized Enough to Influence US Elections? How would Harris or Trump Affect Armenia & Region?

Episode 380 | Recorded: November 1, 2024

Guest:

Topics:

On the Major US Presidential Candidates Do Minor Candidates Matter for us? Are We Organized Enough to Influence US Elections? How would Harris or Trump Affect Armenia & Region?

Episode 380 | Recorded: November 1, 2024

Guest:

  • Anna Karapetyan Director of the Insight Analytical Center for Applied Policy and Research.

Topics:

  • Armenia at the BRICS Summit
  • Armenia Azerbaijan Talks
  • Armenia at COP29
  • European Parliament Resolution

Episode 379 | Recorded: October 29, 2024

Guest:

  • Anna Karapetyan Director of the Insight Analytical Center for Applied Policy and Research.

Topics:

  • Armenia at the BRICS Summit
  • Armenia Azerbaijan Talks
  • Armenia at COP29
  • European Parliament Resolution

Episode 379 | Recorded: October 29, 2024

Guest:

Topics:

  • ANCA Endorsements Methodology
  • On the Major Presidential Candidates
  • Arab-Americans Still Uncommitted
  • Where is the Armenian Vote?

Episode 378 | Recorded: October 25, 2024

Guest:

Topics:

  • ANCA Endorsements Methodology
  • On the Major Presidential Candidates
  • Arab-Americans Still Uncommitted
  • Where is the Armenian Vote?

Episode 378 | Recorded: October 25, 2024

Guest:

Topics:

  • Armenia Azerbaijan Talks
  • Elections in Moldova and Georgia
  • Iran Russia Relations
  • BRICS Summit in Kaza, Russia

Episode 376 | Recorded: October 20, 2024

Guest:

Topics:

  • Armenia Azerbaijan Talks
  • Elections in Moldova and Georgia
  • Iran Russia Relations
  • BRICS Summit in Kaza, Russia

Episode 376 | Recorded: October 20, 2024

Guest:

Topics:

  • Azerbaijan Escalates Threats
  • Russia-Armenia Relations
  • Eat Rice, not Wheat, Have some Cold Winters!
  • Srbazan Movement Update
  • Regional Geopolitics
    • Iran-Russia
    • Israel-Iran
    • Georgian Elections

Episode 374 | Recorded: October 14, 2024

Guest:

Topics:

  • Azerbaijan Escalates Threats
  • Russia-Armenia Relations
  • Eat Rice, not Wheat, Have some Cold Winters!
  • Srbazan Movement Update
  • Regional Geopolitics
    • Iran-Russia
    • Israel-Iran
    • Georgian Elections

Episode 374 | Recorded: October 14, 2024

Guest:

Topics:

  • Armenian Azerbaijani Talks
  • Escalation in the Middle East
  • Constitutional Court Punts
  • Upcoming BRICS Summit

Episode 373 | Recorded: Octoberr 7, 2024

Guest:

Topics:

  • Armenian Azerbaijani Talks
  • Escalation in the Middle East
  • Constitutional Court Punts
  • Upcoming BRICS Summit

Episode 373 | Recorded: Octoberr 7, 2024

Guest:

Topics:

  • Armenian Identity and Integration in the South Caucasus
  • On the Nature and Thinking of the Armenian Constitution
  • Relations with Russia Through Time
  • The Geopolitics Around the South Caucasus

Episode 372 | Recorded: October 2, 2024

Guest:

Topics:

  • Armenian Identity and Integration in the South Caucasus
  • On the Nature and Thinking of the Armenian Constitution
  • Relations with Russia Through Time
  • The Geopolitics Around the South Caucasus

Episode 372 | Recorded: October 2, 2024

Guest:

Topics:

  • Tavush Protests Gain Momentum
  • Pashinyan Pressing Ahead with Land Concessions
  • Poll Results on Tavush Protests

Episode 371 | Recorded: September 30, 2024

Guest:

Topics:

  • Tavush Protests Gain Momentum
  • Pashinyan Pressing Ahead with Land Concessions
  • Poll Results on Tavush Protests

Episode 371 | Recorded: September 30, 2024

Guest:

Topics:

  • Armenian Day of Independence: Sep. 21
  • “Strategic Partnerships”
  • Armenian Azerbaijani Talks

Episode 368 | Recorded: September 23, 2024

Guest:

Topics:

  • Armenian Day of Independence: Sep. 21
  • “Strategic Partnerships”
  • Armenian Azerbaijani Talks

Episode 368 | Recorded: September 23, 2024

Guest:

Topics:

  • The Government’s Track Record
  • The State of the Economy
  • “Pivot to the West”
  • Elections in Georgia

Episode 366 | Recorded: September 18, 2024

Guest:

Topics:

  • The Government’s Track Record
  • The State of the Economy
  • “Pivot to the West”
  • Elections in Georgia

Episode 366 | Recorded: September 18, 2024

Guest:

Topics:

  • September 12-13 Anniversary
  • Between Blinken and a Hard Place
  • More USAID for Armenia
  • Georgian Parliamentary Elections

Episode 365 | Recorded: Sep. 17, 2024

Guest:

Topics:

  • September 12-13 Anniversary
  • Between Blinken and a Hard Place
  • More USAID for Armenia
  • Georgian Parliamentary Elections

Episode 365 | Recorded: Sep. 17, 2024

Guest:

Topics:

  • Role of the Opposition
  • Relations with the Tavush Movement
  • Relations with the Diaspora

Episode 364 | Recorded: September 13, 2024

Guest:

Topics:

  • Role of the Opposition
  • Relations with the Tavush Movement
  • Relations with the Diaspora

Episode 364 | Recorded: September 13, 2024

Guest:

Topics:

  • Iran Shuts Down Talk of “Zangezur Corridor”
  • Armenia Azerbaijan Talks
  • Iran Armenia Trade / BRICS
  • Foreign Intelligence Service
  • Georgian and Azerbaijani Elections

Episode 361 | Recorded: September 11, 2024

Guest:

Topics:

  • Iran Shuts Down Talk of “Zangezur Corridor”
  • Armenia Azerbaijan Talks
  • Iran Armenia Trade / BRICS
  • Foreign Intelligence Service
  • Georgian and Azerbaijani Elections

Episode 361 | Recorded: September 11, 2024

Guest:

Topics:

  • Armenia, Artsakh and the 2024 US Elections
  • On the Major Presidential Candidates
  • On the Vice President Candidates
  • On the National Security Apparatus
  • Arab-American “Uncommitted” Movement
  • And the Armenian Vote goes to…

Episode 360 | Recorded: September 4, 2024

Guest:

Topics:

  • Armenia, Artsakh and the 2024 US Elections
  • On the Major Presidential Candidates
  • On the Vice President Candidates
  • On the National Security Apparatus
  • Arab-American “Uncommitted” Movement
  • And the Armenian Vote goes to…

Episode 360 | Recorded: September 4, 2024

Guest:

Topics:

  • Armenia Azerbaijan Talks
  • Declarations of Independence
    • Declaration of State Sovereignty of Armenia (1990)
    • Artsakh Independence Day - September 2 (1991)
  • Pashinyan Press Conference
    • Negotiations Formats
    • Artsakh Rights & Security as Pashinyan’s “National Security” Problem
    • Armenian and Azerbaijani Constitutions
    • Liberating Occupied Armenian Territories
  • Putin in Baku
    • Azerbaijan’s Application to BRICS

Episode 358 | Recorded: September 2, 2024

Guest:

Topics:

  • Armenia Azerbaijan Talks
  • Declarations of Independence
    • Declaration of State Sovereignty of Armenia (1990)
    • Artsakh Independence Day - September 2 (1991)
  • Pashinyan Press Conference
    • Negotiations Formats
    • Artsakh Rights & Security as Pashinyan’s “National Security” Problem
    • Armenian and Azerbaijani Constitutions
    • Liberating Occupied Armenian Territories
  • Putin in Baku
    • Azerbaijan’s Application to BRICS

Episode 358 | Recorded: September 2, 2024

Guest:

Topics:

  • Russian-Iranian Relations
  • Russian-Armenian Relations
  • Ukraine’s Kursk Gambit
  • Pavel Durov Arrested in France
  • Observations from Armenia and Russia

Episode 357 | Recorded: August 28, 2024

Guest:

Topics:

  • Russian-Iranian Relations
  • Russian-Armenian Relations
  • Ukraine’s Kursk Gambit
  • Pavel Durov Arrested in France
  • Observations from Armenia and Russia

Episode 357 | Recorded: August 28, 2024

Guest:

Topics:

  • Georgian Politics, Amidst Global Currents
  • Attacks Against the Georgian Church
  • Thoughts on Russian and Georgian Relations

Episode 356 | Recorded: Aug 21, 2024

Guest:

Topics:

  • Georgian Politics, Amidst Global Currents
  • Attacks Against the Georgian Church
  • Thoughts on Russian and Georgian Relations

Episode 356 | Recorded: Aug 21, 2024

Guest:

Topics:

  • Armenia Azerbaijan Talks
  • Goris Kapan Road Cover UP

Episode 355 | Recorded: August 19, 2024

Guest:

Topics:

  • Armenia Azerbaijan Talks
  • Goris Kapan Road Cover UP

Episode 355 | Recorded: August 19, 2024

Guest:

Topics:

  • Iran’s Geopolitical Moves
  • Armenia Azerbaijan Talks
  • Stalled “Normalization”

Episode 353 | Recorded: August 12, 2024

Guest:

Topics:

  • Iran’s Geopolitical Moves
  • Armenia Azerbaijan Talks
  • Stalled “Normalization”

Episode 353 | Recorded: August 12, 2024

Guest:

Topics:

  • US Leadership Changes
  • Iran Armenia Relations
  • Russian-Armenian Relations
  • EU Push for an Agreement
  • Srbazan Movement Next Steps

Episode 351 | Recorded: August 6, 2024