Ethnic Cleansing

Last updated: June 11, 2026

In September 2023, Azerbaijan completed the ethnic cleansing of Artsakh (Nagorno Karabakh) through a 24-hour military offensive that expelled the entire Armenian population of the enclave. More than 150,000 Armenians fled or were forced to leave, ending Armenian habitation of Artsakh and marking the culmination of a process that began with the 44-Day War in 2020 and accelerated through border incursions, blockades, and military threats over the subsequent three years. The operation left Armenian towns and villages emptied and subject to Azerbaijani control, cultural erasure, and redevelopment under a new administration. Arayik Harutyunyan , the last Armenian administrator of Artsakh, oversaw the evacuation and subsequently resigned, acknowledging the catastrophic loss of Armenian territorial and political presence in the region.

The displacement created an immediate humanitarian and political crisis for Armenia. Tens of thousands of Artsakhtsis arrived in Armenia without homes, employment, or documentation recognizing their displaced status. Questions of property rights, compensation, and the right of return remained unresolved as Pashinyan pursued negotiations framed as “peace” but which involved accepting Armenian territorial loss without securing guarantees for displaced populations or their future repatriation. Arega Hovsepyan of Strong Armenia emphasized in February 2026 that displaced Artsakhtsis faced voting rights complications, documentation barriers, and inadequate government support, while cultural heritage sites throughout Artsakh were destroyed or repurposed under Azerbaijani administration. The ethnic cleansing also raised accountability questions: no international investigation was launched, and the responsibility of outside powers, particularly Russia , for failing to prevent the displacement remained contested even as Russian peacekeeping forces withdrew in September 2023.

Travel blogger YoungMin visited Artsakh after the ethnic cleansing and documented the controlled nature of access, the selective tourism permitted by Azerbaijani authorities, and the emotional reality of witnessing emptied Armenian towns undergoing redevelopment. The cleansing represents a finality that earlier ceasefire agreements had not guaranteed: the total removal of an Armenian population from a historically Armenian territory, accomplished through military force in the absence of international intervention.

Institutional Erasure and Memory Suppression

Beyond the physical displacement, the Pashinyan administration has committed to an institutional erasure of Artsakh from Armenian historical and political discourse. Under pressure from Azerbaijan’s capitulative demands—including constitutional amendments removing references to Artsakh—the government has vowed to suppress memory of Artsakh and to punish those who attempt to resurrect or commemorate it. This represents a second phase of erasure: first the expulsion of the Armenian population, then the suppression of Armenian claims to historical memory. Individuals and organizations that continue to advocate for Artsakh’s Armenian identity or the rights of displaced Artsakhtsis face legal and administrative consequences, effectively criminalizing historical memory and political dissent.

The Armenian Church , historically the keeper of Armenian identity and memory, has emerged as one of the few institutions willing to advocate publicly for Artsakh Armenians and their rights. The Catholicos (Primate) of the Armenian Apostolic Church participated in a Bern meeting in 2024 where the issue of Karabakh was discussed, affirming the Church’s continued commitment to Artsakh Armenians. In response, Pashinyan’s government intensified its attacks against the Church, viewing it as a threat to the institutional erasure project. The state has targeted Church leadership with arrests and accusations, sought to restrict the Church’s autonomy, and pressured the Church to abandon its advocacy for displaced Artsakhtsis. These attacks represent the government’s determination to eliminate all institutional voices capable of preserving Armenian memory and historical claims to Artsakh.

Continuity with the Armenian Genocide

Some scholars and Armenian analysts view the ethnic cleansing of Artsakh as a continuation of the Armenian Genocide of 1915, arguing that the dispossession, displacement, and cultural erasure reflect a persistent pattern of territorial and demographic elimination spanning more than a century. The 2023 operation completed what Ottoman forces began in 1915: the removal of Armenians from territories they had inhabited for millennia. This perspective emphasizes that the international community’s failure to recognize or prevent the Artsakh cleansing perpetuates a historical pattern of impunity for crimes against the Armenian people, allowing successive regimes to complete the work of erasure—both physical and institutional—without facing accountability or consequences.

Whether Armenia will ever achieve a right of return for displaced Artsakhtsis, whether the international community will recognize the cleansing as such, and whether Armenia can maintain Armenian identity and claims to Artsakh absent an Armenian population remain open questions shaping Armenia’s political discourse and its negotiations with Azerbaijan as of 2026.

Groong episodes that include this tag

Below are all Groong episodes tagged with Ethnic Cleansing.

Guest:

Topics:

  • War in Iran, Chapter 2?
  • Russia’s Stance on TRIPP
  • New MPG Poll in Armenia
  • Armenian Economy in H1/2025

Episode 471 | Recorded: September 8, 2025

Guest:

Topics:

  • Reflections on August 8 White House Meeting
  • Tensions in Diaspora-Armenia Relations
  • Azerbaijani Lobbying, Caviar Diplomacy, and the Cuellar Bribery Case

Episode 470 | Recorded: September 5, 2025

Guest:

Topics:

  • Reflections on August 8 White House Meeting
  • Tensions in Diaspora-Armenia Relations
  • Azerbaijani Lobbying, Caviar Diplomacy, and the Cuellar Bribery Case

Episode 470 | Recorded: September 5, 2025

Guest:

Topics:

  • Arrest of Samvel Karapetyan
  • Pre-trial detention practices
  • Lawfare and double standards
  • Armenia’s global consequences

Episode 468 | Recorded: September 4, 2025

Guest:

Topics:

  • Arrest of Samvel Karapetyan
  • Pre-trial detention practices
  • Lawfare and double standards
  • Armenia’s global consequences

Episode 468 | Recorded: September 4, 2025

Guest:

Topics:

  • SCO Summit in China
  • The UK in Armenia
  • TRIPP / Zangezur Corridor
  • Russian Azerbaijani Relations

Episode 467 | Recorded: September 1, 2025

Guest:

Topics:

  • SCO Summit in China
  • The UK in Armenia
  • TRIPP / Zangezur Corridor
  • Russian Azerbaijani Relations

Episode 467 | Recorded: September 1, 2025

Guest:

Topics:

  • Trump, Aliyev, Pashinyan Meeting
  • Iranian Reaction
  • Russian Reaction

Episode 459 | Recorded: August 11, 2025

Guest:

Topics:

  • Trump, Aliyev, Pashinyan Meeting
  • Iranian Reaction
  • Russian Reaction

Episode 459 | Recorded: August 11, 2025

Guest:

Topics:

  • Corridor Logic
  • Crackdown Logic
  • IRI Poll
  • Russian-Azerbaijani Relations

Episode 456 | Recorded: July 28, 2025

Guest:

Topics:

  • Corridor Logic
  • Crackdown Logic
  • IRI Poll
  • Russian-Azerbaijani Relations

Episode 456 | Recorded: July 28, 2025

Guest:

Topics:

  • Artsakh Negotiations
  • Armenian Domestic Politics

Episode 455 | Recorded: July 25, 2025

Guest:

Topics:

  • Artsakh Negotiations
  • Armenian Domestic Politics

Episode 455 | Recorded: July 25, 2025

Guest:

Topics:

  • Iran War
  • Iran-Azerbaijan Relations
  • Russian-Azerbaijani Tensions
  • Russian-Armenian Relations
  • Persecution of The Church Continues
  • Kaja Kallas in Armenia
  • OIC Declaration

Episode 451 | Recorded: June 30, 2025

Guest:

Topics:

  • Iran War
  • Iran-Azerbaijan Relations
  • Russian-Azerbaijani Tensions
  • Russian-Armenian Relations
  • Persecution of The Church Continues
  • Kaja Kallas in Armenia
  • OIC Declaration

Episode 451 | Recorded: June 30, 2025

Guest:

Topics:

  • Status of Ukraine and US-Iran Crises
  • Hakan Fidan in Moscow
  • Erdogan, Aliyev, Sharif in Lachin
  • Azerbaijan and Pashinyan Attack the Armenian Church
  • Impeachment vs. Elections
  • The Kitchen Sink

Episode 442 | Recorded: June 2, 2025

Guest:

Topics:

  • Status of Ukraine and US-Iran Crises
  • Hakan Fidan in Moscow
  • Erdogan, Aliyev, Sharif in Lachin
  • Azerbaijan and Pashinyan Attack the Armenian Church
  • Impeachment vs. Elections
  • The Kitchen Sink

Episode 442 | Recorded: June 2, 2025

Guest:

Topics:

  • May 28, Republic Day
  • Armenia’s EU-Russia policy confusion
  • Constitutional changes for “peace”
  • Impeachment vs. election dilemma
  • Azeri invasion threat and silence

Episode 441 | Recorded: May 28, 2025

Guest:

Topics:

  • May 28, Republic Day
  • Armenia’s EU-Russia policy confusion
  • Constitutional changes for “peace”
  • Impeachment vs. election dilemma
  • Azeri invasion threat and silence

Episode 441 | Recorded: May 28, 2025

Guest:

Topics:

  • Pashinyan in Tirana
  • Russia’s Lavrov in Yerevan
  • Democracy in Jeopardy
  • Armenia’s Demilitarization by Any Other Name
  • The Kitchen Sink

Episode 438 | Recorded: May 21, 2025

Guest:

Topics:

  • Pashinyan in Tirana
  • Russia’s Lavrov in Yerevan
  • Democracy in Jeopardy
  • Armenia’s Demilitarization by Any Other Name
  • The Kitchen Sink

Episode 438 | Recorded: May 21, 2025

Guest:

Topics:

  • What happened to Antiwar Voices
  • Color Revolutions as US Strategy
  • Armenia and Pipeline Geopolitics
  • And more!

Episode 433 | Recorded: May 2, 2025

Guest:

Topics:

  • What happened to Antiwar Voices
  • Color Revolutions as US Strategy
  • Armenia and Pipeline Geopolitics
  • And more!

Episode 433 | Recorded: May 2, 2025

What happened to Antiwar Voices. Color Revolutions as US Strategy. Armenia and Pipeline Geopolitics. And more!

Guest:

Topics:

  • Genocide Recognition and State Silence
  • Iran-Azerbaijan Talks & Geopolitical Shifts
  • Bandar Abbas: Explosion, or Warning?

Episode 432 | Recorded: April 29, 2025

Guest:

Topics:

  • Genocide Recognition and State Silence
  • Iran-Azerbaijan Talks & Geopolitical Shifts
  • Bandar Abbas: Explosion, or Warning?

Episode 432 | Recorded: April 29, 2025

Guest:

Topics:

  • Vatican’s alliance with Azerbaijan
  • Whitewashing of Artsakh’s ethnic cleansing
  • Global silence on Armenian Genocide
  • U.S. policy under Trump and risks to Armenia

Episode 431 | Recorded: April 29, 2025

Guest:

Topics:

  • Vatican’s alliance with Azerbaijan
  • Whitewashing of Artsakh’s ethnic cleansing
  • Global silence on Armenian Genocide
  • U.S. policy under Trump and risks to Armenia

Episode 431 | Recorded: April 29, 2025

Guest:

Topics:

  • Vatican Hosts Fake Azeri Conference
  • Azerbaijani Propaganda and Cultural Misappropriation
  • Weakness and Silent Complicity of the Armenian State

Episode 430 | Recorded: April 26, 2025

Guest:

Topics:

  • Vatican Hosts Fake Azeri Conference
  • Azerbaijani Propaganda and Cultural Misappropriation
  • Weakness and Silent Complicity of the Armenian State

Episode 430 | Recorded: April 26, 2025

Guest:

Topics:

  • US-Iran Talks & Israeli Threats
  • Trump Administration Support for Azerbaijan
  • Iran-Azerbaijan Relations & Corridor Demands
  • Vatican Controversy & Global Anti-Armenian Propaganda
  • Local Elections in Gyumri and Parakar
  • Government-Fueled Hate Against Artsakh Refugees

Episode 429 | Recorded: April 22, 2025

Guest:

Topics:

  • US-Iran Talks & Israeli Threats
  • Trump Administration Support for Azerbaijan
  • Iran-Azerbaijan Relations & Corridor Demands
  • Vatican Controversy & Global Anti-Armenian Propaganda
  • Local Elections in Gyumri and Parakar
  • Government-Fueled Hate Against Artsakh Refugees

Episode 429 | Recorded: April 22, 2025

Guest:

  • Anna Karapetyan Director of the Insight Analytical Center for Applied Policy and Research.

Topics:

  • Iran-Armenia Military Exercises
  • Armenian Villages Terrorized by Azerbaijan
  • Mirzoyan in Antalya
  • Armenia’s Genocide Denial

Episode 428 | Recorded: April 14, 2025

Guest:

  • Anna Karapetyan Director of the Insight Analytical Center for Applied Policy and Research.

Topics:

  • Iran-Armenia Military Exercises
  • Armenian Villages Terrorized by Azerbaijan
  • Mirzoyan in Antalya
  • Armenia’s Genocide Denial

Episode 428 | Recorded: April 14, 2025

Guest:

Topics:

  • US Iran Escalation
  • Aftermath of Gyumri and Parakar
  • MFA blames Artsakh for Regional Isolation
  • Bullets and Peace

Episode 426 | Recorded: April 8, 2025

Guest:

Topics:

  • US Iran Escalation
  • Aftermath of Gyumri and Parakar
  • MFA blames Artsakh for Regional Isolation
  • Bullets and Peace

Episode 426 | Recorded: April 8, 2025

Guest:

Topics:

  • Iran Rejects US Offer of Direct Negotiations
  • Iran and Armenia Ties
  • Gyumri and Parakar Municipal Elections
  • Artsakh Refugee Protests in Armenia

Episode 425 | Recorded: March 31, 2025

Guest:

Topics:

  • Iran Rejects US Offer of Direct Negotiations
  • Iran and Armenia Ties
  • Gyumri and Parakar Municipal Elections
  • Artsakh Refugee Protests in Armenia

Episode 425 | Recorded: March 31, 2025

Guest:

Topics:

  • Trump’s Iran ultimatum explored
  • Turkey’s protests seen as strategic
  • Azerbaijan’s peace deal as smokescreen
  • Armenia’s Westward drift analyzed
  • Gyumri elections stir controversy

Episode 424 | Recorded: March 25, 2025

Guest:

Topics:

  • Trump’s Iran ultimatum explored
  • Turkey’s protests seen as strategic
  • Azerbaijan’s peace deal as smokescreen
  • Armenia’s Westward drift analyzed
  • Gyumri elections stir controversy

Episode 424 | Recorded: March 25, 2025

Guest:

Topics:

  • Armenia-Azerbaijan “Treaty”: Concessions, secrecy, opposition backlash.
  • Preconditions for Peace: OSCE Minsk dissolution, constitutional changes.
  • Ukraine War Talks: Jeddah negotiations, UAV attacks, Trump-Putin call.
  • Witkoff’s Baku Stop: Mysterious visit raising geopolitical questions.

Episode 423 | Recorded: March 17, 2025

Guest:

Topics:

  • Armenia-Azerbaijan “Treaty”: Concessions, secrecy, opposition backlash.
  • Preconditions for Peace: OSCE Minsk dissolution, constitutional changes.
  • Ukraine War Talks: Jeddah negotiations, UAV attacks, Trump-Putin call.
  • Witkoff’s Baku Stop: Mysterious visit raising geopolitical questions.

Episode 423 | Recorded: March 17, 2025

Guest:

Topics:

  • Abkhaz Elections & Regional Implications – The second round of Abkhazia’s presidential elections, the impact of mass protests, and what Badra Gunba’s victory means for the region.
  • Armenian Hostages in Baku – Ongoing trials of Armenian POWs and former Artsakh leaders, reports of torture, and international calls for independent medical evaluations.
  • Protests in Yerevan Over POWs – Civil society and opposition-led demonstrations demanding stronger government action and international intervention.
 Read More

Guest:

Topics:

  • Abkhaz Elections & Regional Implications – The second round of Abkhazia’s presidential elections, the impact of mass protests, and what Badra Gunba’s victory means for the region.
  • Armenian Hostages in Baku – Ongoing trials of Armenian POWs and former Artsakh leaders, reports of torture, and international calls for independent medical evaluations.
  • Protests in Yerevan Over POWs – Civil society and opposition-led demonstrations demanding stronger government action and international intervention.
 Read More

Guest:

Topics:

  • TBD

Episode 417 | Recorded: February 12, 2025

Guest:

Topics:

  • TBD

Episode 417 | Recorded: February 12, 2025

Guest:

Topics:

  • The Ongoing conflicts: Gaza, Syria, Ukraine
  • Shifting Global Power and Alliances
  • Small Countries in a Multipolar World

Episode 411 | Recorded: February 6, 2025

Guest:

Topics:

  • The Ongoing conflicts: Gaza, Syria, Ukraine
  • Shifting Global Power and Alliances
  • Small Countries in a Multipolar World

Episode 411 | Recorded: February 6, 2025

The Ongoing conflicts: Gaza, Syria, Ukraine. Shifting Global Power and Alliances. Small Countries in a Multipolar World.

Guest:

Topics:

  • MPG Poll: Pashinyan’s Rating Tanks
  • Russia Azerbaijan Relations Deteriorating
  • Armenia’s Strategic Geopolitical Balancing
  • Azerbaijan and the “Zangezur Corridor”

Episode 410 | Recorded: February 3, 2025

Guest:

Topics:

  • MPG Poll: Pashinyan’s Rating Tanks
  • Russia Azerbaijan Relations Deteriorating
  • Armenia’s Strategic Geopolitical Balancing
  • Azerbaijan and the “Zangezur Corridor”

Episode 410 | Recorded: February 3, 2025

Guest:

Topics:

  • Russo-Iranian Partnership Treaty
  • Implications of 🇷🇺 - 🇮🇷 pact for Armenia
  • Trump Back in Office: War or Peace?

Episode 407 | Recorded: January 25, 2025

Guest:

Topics:

  • Russo-Iranian Partnership Treaty
  • Implications of 🇷🇺 - 🇮🇷 pact for Armenia
  • Trump Back in Office: War or Peace?

Episode 407 | Recorded: January 25, 2025

Guest:

Topics:

  • President Joseph Aoun
  • Prime Minister-designate Nawaf Salam
  • The Changing Face of the Middle East
  • Armenian Community’s and Joseph Aoun

Episode 405 | Recorded: Januaqry 19, 2025

Guest:

Topics:

  • President Joseph Aoun
  • Prime Minister-designate Nawaf Salam
  • The Changing Face of the Middle East
  • Armenian Community’s and Joseph Aoun

Episode 405 | Recorded: Januaqry 19, 2025

Guest:

Topics:

  • Incoming Trump Admin
  • Armenia Azerbaijan Talks Stalled
  • Iran Security Chief Visit
  • Armenia’s Pro-West Signals

Episode 404 | Recorded: January 14, 2025

Guest:

Topics:

  • Incoming Trump Admin
  • Armenia Azerbaijan Talks Stalled
  • Iran Security Chief Visit
  • Armenia’s Pro-West Signals

Episode 404 | Recorded: January 14, 2025

Guest:

Topics:

  • Pashinyan’s Lies on Decades of Negotiations
  • 17 Points to an Agreement
  • 2024 Review and 2025 Outlook

Episode 403 | Recorded: December 31, 2024

Guest:

Topics:

  • Pashinyan’s Lies on Decades of Negotiations
  • 17 Points to an Agreement
  • 2024 Review and 2025 Outlook

Episode 403 | Recorded: December 31, 2024

Guest:

Topics:

  • Armenian Azerbaijani Stalled Talks
  • Fall of Syria
  • Defense Politics
  • Un-Civil Strife

Episode 401 | Recorded: December 24, 2024