Baku

Last updated: June 10, 2026

Baku is the capital and largest city of Azerbaijan, with a population of approximately 3 million people. Located on the western coast of the Caspian Sea, it has served as a major regional economic center for over a century due to its strategic position and vast oil and natural gas reserves. The city is home to Azerbaijan’s government institutions, including the presidential office and parliament, and hosts the country’s financial and banking sectors. Baku’s urban landscape reflects its oil wealth, with modern skyscrapers, cultural institutions, and infrastructure development alongside older Soviet-era architecture. The city is connected to European energy markets through major pipelines, including the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan (BTC) oil pipeline and the Southern Gas Corridor, making it a critical node in global energy infrastructure. Baku also serves as a transportation hub, with an international airport and port facilities connecting Azerbaijan to regional and international trade networks.

Baku functions as the political and diplomatic hub of Azerbaijan’s regional strategy. As the capital, it hosts the machinery of Ilham Aliyev ’s government and serves as the venue for high-level regional negotiations, including Armenia-Azerbaijan peace process talks and state visits from regional and international powers. The city’s prominence in South Caucasus geopolitics has intensified since Azerbaijan’s military victory in the 44-Day War and its subsequent complete capture of Artsakh in a 24-hour offensive on September 19–20, 2023, which ethnically cleansed the territory of its more than 150,000 Armenian inhabitants. Baku’s role as the administrative center for Azerbaijan’s control over the now-dissolved enclave has made it the focal point for disputes over the territory’s future status, the rights of its former Armenian population, and the implementation of peace agreements.

Baku has emerged as a destination for high-profile diplomatic visits that signal shifting regional alignments. In February 2026, Vice President JD Vance visited both Yerevan and Baku as part of the Trump administration’s engagement with the South Caucasus, a visit framed around the TRIPP corridor project and U.S. strategic interests in the region. The Baku leg of Vance’s trip included a “Strategic Partnership Charter” announcement and reflected the depth of U.S.-Azerbaijan ties, a dynamic that differs markedly from the American approach to Armenia. Baku has also become a destination for European and other international leaders seeking to navigate Azerbaijan’s role in regional energy supplies and transit infrastructure, including TRIPP and broader pan-Turkic integration projects that connect Azerbaijan, Turkey , and Nakhijevan .

Baku’s significance as a capital reflects Azerbaijan’s strategic position as a supplier of natural gas to Europe following Russia ’s 2022 invasion of Ukraine, a role that creates structural tensions in the Armenia-Azerbaijan peace process . Europe’s energy dependence on Azerbaijani gas supplies limits the willingness of Brussels to apply sustained pressure on Baku over Azerbaijan’s conduct toward Armenia or the enforced displacement of Artsakh’s Armenian population. Azerbaijan’s ties with Israel have also deepened, particularly after the capture of Artsakh, positioning Baku as a diplomatic hub in a broader regional alignment that includes Turkey and excludes Iran. The Iran war , which erupted in early 2026, has further elevated Baku’s strategic value to the United States and Israel, with reports of potential northern front military coordination and constitutional changes in Nakhijevan that may reflect deeper shifts in Azerbaijan’s geopolitical orientation away from Tehran.

Groong episodes that include this tag

Below are all Groong episodes tagged with Baku.

Guest(s):

ANN/Groong Week in Review Episode 40 - Jan 10, 2021

Topics Covered:

  • The State of the Opposition and their demands
  • Update on the Border Positions between Armenia & Azerbaijan
  • The State of the Line of Contact around Artsakh

Guests

  • Asbed Kotchikian
  • George Tabakian

Your Hosts:

  • Asbed Bedrossian
  • Hovik Manucharyan

Website: https://groong.org/podcasts/WiR-20210110.html Recorded: January 10, 2021

Guest(s):

Conversation with Bright Armenia’s Edmon Marukyan

Following the trilateral Karabakh ceasefire of Nov 9, all major political forces in Armenia (except for the ruling party) condemned Nikol Pashinyan’s agreement to the deal. While the dissatisfaction with the agreement is widespread, the opposition is not entirely unified on what to do next.

We’ll talk with the leader of one of the 2 parliamentary opposition factions, Bright Armenia about his, and his party’s vision and subsequent actions to be taken by Armenia.

What is Bright Armenia’s vision for post

 Read More

Guest(s):

Conversation with Bright Armenia’s Edmon Marukyan

Following the trilateral Karabakh ceasefire of Nov 9, all major political forces in Armenia (except for the ruling party) condemned Nikol Pashinyan’s agreement to the deal. While the dissatisfaction with the agreement is widespread, the opposition is not entirely unified on what to do next.

We’ll talk with the leader of one of the 2 parliamentary opposition factions, Bright Armenia about his, and his party’s vision and subsequent actions to be taken by Armenia.

What is Bright Armenia’s vision for post

 Read More

Guest(s):

ANN/Groong Week in Review Episode 33 - Dec 13, 2020

Topics Covered:

  • Renewed Fighting & the OSCE MG visit
  • Expedited Border Demarcation?
  • What will happen to Sotq?
  • Diplomatic Relations with Azerbaijan?

Your Hosts:

  • Asbed Bedrossian
  • Hovik Manucharyan

Resident Panelists:

  • Emil Sanamyan
  • Pietro Shakarian

Recorded: Dec 13, 2020

Guest(s):

ANN/Groong Week in Review Episode 33 - Dec 13, 2020

Topics Covered:

  • Renewed Fighting & the OSCE MG visit
  • Expedited Border Demarcation?
  • What will happen to Sotq?
  • Diplomatic Relations with Azerbaijan?

Your Hosts:

  • Asbed Bedrossian
  • Hovik Manucharyan

Resident Panelists:

  • Emil Sanamyan
  • Pietro Shakarian

Recorded: Dec 13, 2020

On November 9, Armenia, Azerbaijan and Russia signed The Statement ending the war in Artsakh, known more commonly as Nagorno-Karabakh. Russia emerged as a major winner, by ending the violence, introducing peacekeepers, and upholding its historical role as the regional referee in the Caucasus. What are Russia’s interests in the region, and in this agreement?

Pietro Shakarian helps us explore. He is a historian and a Ph.D. candidate in Russian History at the Ohio State University. His analyses on Russia, Armenia, and the post-Soviet space have appeared in several publications, including The

 Read More

On November 9, Armenia, Azerbaijan and Russia signed The Statement ending the war in Artsakh, known more commonly as Nagorno-Karabakh. Russia emerged as a major winner, by ending the violence, introducing peacekeepers, and upholding its historical role as the regional referee in the Caucasus. What are Russia’s interests in the region, and in this agreement?

Pietro Shakarian helps us explore. He is a historian and a Ph.D. candidate in Russian History at the Ohio State University. His analyses on Russia, Armenia, and the post-Soviet space have appeared in several publications, including The

 Read More

Guest:

Topics:

  • The Life and Times of Anastas Ivanovich Mikoyan

Episode 28 | Recorded on December 3, 2020

Guest:

Topics:

  • The Life and Times of Anastas Ivanovich Mikoyan

Episode 28 | Recorded on December 3, 2020

Guest(s):

ANN/Groong Week in Review Episode 27 - Nov 15, 2020

Topics Covered:

  • The war ends. What are the terms of the deal?
  • Pax Russiana
  • The extent of Turkey’s presence in Azerbaijan
  • Jubilation in Baku

Your Hosts:

  • Asbed Bedrossian
  • Hovik Manucharyan

Resident Panelists:

  • Asbed Kotchikian
  • Emil Sanamyan
  • Artyom Tonoyan

Recorded: Nov 15, 2020

Guest(s):

ANN/Groong Week in Review Episode 27 - Nov 15, 2020

Topics Covered:

  • The war ends. What are the terms of the deal?
  • Pax Russiana
  • The extent of Turkey’s presence in Azerbaijan
  • Jubilation in Baku

Your Hosts:

  • Asbed Bedrossian
  • Hovik Manucharyan

Resident Panelists:

  • Asbed Kotchikian
  • Emil Sanamyan
  • Artyom Tonoyan

Recorded: Nov 15, 2020

Guest(s):

ANN/Groong Week in Review Episode 26 - Nov 8, 2020

Topics Covered:

  • Six weeks of war, what to do next.
  • What is Russia thinking?
  • To recognize or not to recognize.

Your Hosts:

  • Asbed Bedrossian
  • Hovik Manucharyan

Resident Panelists:

  • Asbed Kotchikian
  • Emil Sanamyan
  • Yeghia Tashjian

Recorded: Nov 7, 2020

Guest(s):

ANN/Groong Week in Review Episode 26 - Nov 8, 2020

Topics Covered:

  • Six weeks of war, what to do next.
  • What is Russia thinking?
  • To recognize or not to recognize.

Your Hosts:

  • Asbed Bedrossian
  • Hovik Manucharyan

Resident Panelists:

  • Asbed Kotchikian
  • Emil Sanamyan
  • Yeghia Tashjian

Recorded: Nov 7, 2020

Guest(s):

ANN/Groong Week in Review - October 12, 2020

Topics Covered:

  • Security situation on the ground;
  • Diplomatic activity, short & long term goals;
  • Humanitarian impact in Artsakh & Armenia;
  • Effect of social media on the war.

Your Hosts:

  • Asbed Bedrossian
  • Asbed Kotchikian

Resident Panelists:

  • Lara Aharonian: Co-founder & co-director of the Women’s Resource Center NGO in Yerevan
  • Robert Avetisyan: Representative of Nagorno Karabakh Republic in the US

Episode 21 Recorded: Oct 12, 2020 Full details: https://groong.org/podcasts/WiR-20201012.html Playlist: WiR (Week in Review)

Guest(s):

ANN/Groong Week in Review - October 12, 2020

Topics Covered:

  • Security situation on the ground;
  • Diplomatic activity, short & long term goals;
  • Humanitarian impact in Artsakh & Armenia;
  • Effect of social media on the war.

Your Hosts:

  • Asbed Bedrossian
  • Asbed Kotchikian

Resident Panelists:

  • Lara Aharonian: Co-founder & co-director of the Women’s Resource Center NGO in Yerevan
  • Robert Avetisyan: Representative of Nagorno Karabakh Republic in the US

Episode 21 Recorded: Oct 12, 2020 Full details: https://groong.org/podcasts/WiR-20201012.html Playlist: WiR (Week in Review)

ANN/Groong Week in Review - October 4, 2020

Topics:

  • Stepanakert under persistent bombardment using banned cluster bombs.
  • Turkey’s role in the war.
  • Why is Russia quiet?
  • What can we expect next?

Guests:

Episode 20 | Recorded: Oct 3, 2020

ANN/Groong Week in Review - October 4, 2020

Topics:

  • Stepanakert under persistent bombardment using banned cluster bombs.
  • Turkey’s role in the war.
  • Why is Russia quiet?
  • What can we expect next?

Guests:

Episode 20 | Recorded: Oct 3, 2020

Guest(s):

Conversations on Groong - October 3, 2020

It has now been 7 days since Azerbaijan initiated a wide-scale attack against Armenia and Artsakh. The tragic news of deaths and destruction continue to stream in every hour.

In today’s conversation on Groong, we talk to Jirair Libaridian and Thomas DeWaal about the regional geopolitics that helped create a ripe environment for renewed fighting and various potential scenarios that may develop as a result of it.

Questions explored:

  • What was the path leading to the latest escalation?
  • Why has Turkey taken an
 Read More

Guest(s):

Conversations on Groong - October 3, 2020

It has now been 7 days since Azerbaijan initiated a wide-scale attack against Armenia and Artsakh. The tragic news of deaths and destruction continue to stream in every hour.

In today’s conversation on Groong, we talk to Jirair Libaridian and Thomas DeWaal about the regional geopolitics that helped create a ripe environment for renewed fighting and various potential scenarios that may develop as a result of it.

Questions explored:

  • What was the path leading to the latest escalation?
  • Why has Turkey taken an
 Read More

Guest(s):

ANN/Groong Week in Review - (Ep #18) - 09/27/2020

Topics:

  • The 29th Anniversary of Armenian Independence;
  • Armenia’s foreign policy;
  • Azerbaijan war of disinformation; and lastly
  • Opposition trio rally and Tsarukyan’s arrest

Guests

  • Asbed Kotchikian
  • Marine Manucharyan
  • Emil Sanamyan

Hosts

  • Asbed Bedrossian
  • Hovik Manucharyan

Website: https://groong.org/podcasts/WiR-20200927.html Episode 18 | Recorded on September 26, 2020

Guest(s):

ANN/Groong Week in Review - (Ep #18) - 09/27/2020

Topics:

  • The 29th Anniversary of Armenian Independence;
  • Armenia’s foreign policy;
  • Azerbaijan war of disinformation; and lastly
  • Opposition trio rally and Tsarukyan’s arrest

Guests

  • Asbed Kotchikian
  • Marine Manucharyan
  • Emil Sanamyan

Hosts

  • Asbed Bedrossian
  • Hovik Manucharyan

Website: https://groong.org/podcasts/WiR-20200927.html Episode 18 | Recorded on September 26, 2020

Guest(s):

ANN/Groong Week in Review - 09/13/2020

Topics:

  • Electoral Reforms in Armenia
  • Journalist Dana Mazalov passes away
  • ANSEF Reorganization
  • My Step MP Arsen Julfalakyan Resigns from Parliament
  • Russian Opposition Leader Navalny’s Poisoning and Recovery
  • What is going on in Baku?
    • Azeri pressure on Arms Providers to Armenia
    • Aliyev vs. Aliyeva?
    • Caucasus 2020 Joint Military Exercises and those MIA

Guests

  • Asbed Kotchikian
  • Emil Sanamyan
  • Alen Zamanyan

Hosts

  • Hovik Manucharyan
  • Asbed Bedrossian

Website:

 Read More

Guest(s):

ANN/Groong Week in Review - 09/13/2020

Topics:

  • Electoral Reforms in Armenia
  • Journalist Dana Mazalov passes away
  • ANSEF Reorganization
  • My Step MP Arsen Julfalakyan Resigns from Parliament
  • Russian Opposition Leader Navalny’s Poisoning and Recovery
  • What is going on in Baku?
    • Azeri pressure on Arms Providers to Armenia
    • Aliyev vs. Aliyeva?
    • Caucasus 2020 Joint Military Exercises and those MIA

Guests

  • Asbed Kotchikian
  • Emil Sanamyan
  • Alen Zamanyan

Hosts

  • Hovik Manucharyan
  • Asbed Bedrossian

Website:

 Read More

ANN/Groong Week in Review - 08/30/2020

Topics:

  • Armenian POW Gurgen Alaverdyan
  • Armenia’s Humanitarian Aid to Aleppo
  • Serge Sargsyan’s Interview and the Four-Day War Deliberations
  • National Awards
  • Vagharshak Harutyunyan’s Appointment as Chief Advisor to Pashinyan

Guests:

  • Asbed Kotchikian
  • Emil Sanamyan
  • Alen Zamanyan

Guest(s):

Hosts:

  • Hovik Manucharyan
  • Asbed Bedrossian

Website: https://groong.org/podcasts/WiR-20200830.html Episode 11 | Recorded on August 30 2020

ANN/Groong Week in Review - 08/30/2020

Topics:

  • Armenian POW Gurgen Alaverdyan
  • Armenia’s Humanitarian Aid to Aleppo
  • Serge Sargsyan’s Interview and the Four-Day War Deliberations
  • National Awards
  • Vagharshak Harutyunyan’s Appointment as Chief Advisor to Pashinyan

Guests:

  • Asbed Kotchikian
  • Emil Sanamyan
  • Alen Zamanyan

Guest(s):

Hosts:

  • Hovik Manucharyan
  • Asbed Bedrossian

Website: https://groong.org/podcasts/WiR-20200830.html Episode 11 | Recorded on August 30 2020

Topics:

  • Turkey: Zero Problems?
  • Azerbaijan: The Myth of Brotherly Relations?
  • Armenia: From Diplomatic Overtures to a Mini Cold War

Guests:

Host:

Episode 10 | Recorded: August 2020

Topics:

  • Turkey: Zero Problems?
  • Azerbaijan: The Myth of Brotherly Relations?
  • Armenia: From Diplomatic Overtures to a Mini Cold War

Guests:

Host:

Episode 10 | Recorded: August 2020

Guest(s):

ANN/Groong Week in Review - 08/16/2020

This Week in Review we talk with Hrant Mikaelian to discuss important issues and developments around Armenia, such as the Coronavirus Pandemic, and its economic effect; Armenia’s membership in EurAsian Economic Union and the economic effect of that organization on Armenia; and some of the trends affecting Russia and its economy.

Hrant will then join us in our weekly lightning round of questions from the past week’s headlines, to analyze Prime Minister Pashinyan’s

 Read More

Guest(s):

ANN/Groong Week in Review - 08/16/2020

This Week in Review we talk with Hrant Mikaelian to discuss important issues and developments around Armenia, such as the Coronavirus Pandemic, and its economic effect; Armenia’s membership in EurAsian Economic Union and the economic effect of that organization on Armenia; and some of the trends affecting Russia and its economy.

Hrant will then join us in our weekly lightning round of questions from the past week’s headlines, to analyze Prime Minister Pashinyan’s

 Read More

Guest(s):

ANN/Groong Week in Review - 08/09/2020

Topics:

  • The Massive Explosion in Beirut
  • Lightning Round
    • Turkey-Azerbaijan Military Exercises
    • Mashtots Park
    • Cyber Security Intrusion
    • Law on Media Regulation
    • Beirut Explosion

Guests

  • Asbed Kotchikian
  • Emil Sanamyan
  • Yeghia Tashjian
  • Alen Zamanyan

Hosts

  • Hovik Manucharyan
  • Asbed Bedrossian

Website: https://groong.org/podcasts/WiR-20200809.html Episode 6 | Recorded on August 9, 2020

Guest(s):

ANN/Groong Week in Review - 08/09/2020

Topics:

  • The Massive Explosion in Beirut
  • Lightning Round
    • Turkey-Azerbaijan Military Exercises
    • Mashtots Park
    • Cyber Security Intrusion
    • Law on Media Regulation
    • Beirut Explosion

Guests

  • Asbed Kotchikian
  • Emil Sanamyan
  • Yeghia Tashjian
  • Alen Zamanyan

Hosts

  • Hovik Manucharyan
  • Asbed Bedrossian

Website: https://groong.org/podcasts/WiR-20200809.html Episode 6 | Recorded on August 9, 2020

ANN Groong Week in Review - 08/02/2020

Topics:

  • Living With Conflict #WordsNotSwords
  • Panel Discussion on Robert Kocharyan’s Interview
  • Lightning Round
    • The SIS Charges Arthur Danielyan
    • Nominees for the Constitutional Court
    • The PM’s Outlook on the State of the Pandemic
    • Staff Changes in the Diaspora High Commissioner’s Office

Guests

Resident panelists:

Episode 5 | Recorded ob August 2, 2020

ANN Groong Week in Review - 08/02/2020

Topics:

  • Living With Conflict #WordsNotSwords
  • Panel Discussion on Robert Kocharyan’s Interview
  • Lightning Round
    • The SIS Charges Arthur Danielyan
    • Nominees for the Constitutional Court
    • The PM’s Outlook on the State of the Pandemic
    • Staff Changes in the Diaspora High Commissioner’s Office

Guests

Resident panelists:

Episode 5 | Recorded ob August 2, 2020

ANN Groong Week in Review - 07/26/2020

Topics:

  • Panel: War roundup / Artsakh
  • Conversation: National Security Doctrine
  • Panel: National Security Doctrine

Guests

A Conversation with

Episode 4 | Recorded on July 26, 2020

ANN Groong Week in Review - 07/26/2020

Topics:

  • Panel: War roundup / Artsakh
  • Conversation: National Security Doctrine
  • Panel: National Security Doctrine

Guests

A Conversation with

Episode 4 | Recorded on July 26, 2020

ANN Groong Week in Review - 07/19/2020

Topics:

  • Clashes on the Tavush Border
  • Azerbaijani Propaganda around Armenian Threats to the Mingechaur Reservoid
  • Azerbaijan’s threat to strike Armenia’s Nuclear Power Plant with missiles

Guests:

Episode 2 | Recorded on July 19 2020

ANN Groong Week in Review - 07/19/2020

Topics:

  • Clashes on the Tavush Border
  • Azerbaijani Propaganda around Armenian Threats to the Mingechaur Reservoid
  • Azerbaijan’s threat to strike Armenia’s Nuclear Power Plant with missiles

Guests:

Episode 2 | Recorded on July 19 2020