44-Day War

Last updated: May 29, 2026

The 44-Day War — Azerbaijan’s large-scale military offensive against Nagorno Karabakh that began on September 27, 2020 and ended with a ceasefire agreement on November 10 — was a turning point in the South Caucasus that Groong has covered extensively across more than 80 episodes. The war brought a violent resolution to a conflict rooted in the Armenians of Artsakh’s exercise of their right to self-determination — their decades-long effort to secure independence and international recognition of their right to determine their own political future.

Azerbaijan, with direct military support from Turkey and the use of Israeli-supplied weapons and Turkish Bayraktar drones, retook most of the territory it had lost in the first Karabakh war of the 1990s, including the strategically significant city of Shusha. Approximately 6,000 Armenian soldiers were killed. The ceasefire, brokered by Russia, introduced Russian peacekeepers to the remaining Armenian-inhabited areas of Nagorno Karabakh (Artsakh) and created the conditions that would eventually lead to the 2022–2023 Lachin corridor blockade and the final Azerbaijani offensive of September 2023 — which resulted in the ethnic cleansing of the entire Armenian population of Artsakh.

Groong’s coverage of the 44-Day War includes military analysis, diplomatic history, the role of Turkey and Russia, the domestic political fallout in Armenia, and its long-term consequences for the region.

Groong episodes that include this tag

Below are all Groong episodes tagged with 44-Day War.

Guest:

Topics:

  • Artsakh President Annuls Dissolution of Republic
  • Insecurity without Borders
  • Pashinyan in St. Petersburg
  • Year-end 2023 Predictions Review
  • Predictions for 2024

Episode 300 | Recorded: December 31, 2023

Guest:

Topics:

  • Armenian Foreign Policy Vectors
  • Latest MPG Poll Result Analysis
  • Armenian Economy and 2024 Budget

Episode 295 | Recorded: Nov 15, 2023

Guest:

Topics:

  • Armenian Foreign Policy Vectors
  • Latest MPG Poll Result Analysis
  • Armenian Economy and 2024 Budget

Episode 295 | Recorded: Nov 15, 2023

Guest:

Topics:

  • What is the 1991 Alma Ata Declaration?
  • What is the CIS Based on?
  • About Borders, Treaties, and Declarations
  • Armenia’s explicit reservation affecting Artsakh in the Treaty
  • Why would Pashinyan ignore the Reservations?
  • Territorial Integrity and Use of Force
  • What Autonomy was LTP Envisioning?
  • Where does 2023 Leave the Cause of Artsakh?
  • How should Armenia Pursue it on the International Scene?

Episode 293 | Recorded: November 13, 2023

Guest:

Topics:

  • What is the 1991 Alma Ata Declaration?
  • What is the CIS Based on?
  • About Borders, Treaties, and Declarations
  • Armenia’s explicit reservation affecting Artsakh in the Treaty
  • Why would Pashinyan ignore the Reservations?
  • Territorial Integrity and Use of Force
  • What Autonomy was LTP Envisioning?
  • Where does 2023 Leave the Cause of Artsakh?
  • How should Armenia Pursue it on the International Scene?

Episode 293 | Recorded: November 13, 2023

Guest:

Topics:

  • Crossroads of Peace
  • 3+3=5 in Tehran
  • Relations with Russia
  • Defense Deal with France
  • Artsakh Status

Episode 291 | Recorded: October 31, 2023

Guest:

Topics:

  • Crossroads of Peace
  • 3+3=5 in Tehran
  • Relations with Russia
  • Defense Deal with France
  • Artsakh Status

Episode 291 | Recorded: October 31, 2023

Guest:

Topics:

  • Armenian National Congress (ANC)
  • Democracy and Armenia
  • Azerbaijan-Armenia Negotiations
  • Artsakh
  • Global Conflicts - Israel, Ukraine

Episode 290 | Recorded: October 27, 2023

Guest:

Topics:

  • Armenian National Congress (ANC)
  • Democracy and Armenia
  • Azerbaijan-Armenia Negotiations
  • Artsakh
  • Global Conflicts - Israel, Ukraine

Episode 290 | Recorded: October 27, 2023

Guest:

Topics:

  • Armenian News & Media Space
    • RFE/RL Azatutyun in the Armenian Media Space
    • Fake News
    • Freedom of Press
  • Politics and Geopolitics of Armenia
  • Artsakh
  • Global Conflicts - Israel, Ukraine

Episode 289 | Recorded: October 26, 2023

Guest:

Topics:

  • Armenian News & Media Space
    • RFE/RL Azatutyun in the Armenian Media Space
    • Fake News
    • Freedom of Press
  • Politics and Geopolitics of Armenia
  • Artsakh
  • Global Conflicts - Israel, Ukraine

Episode 289 | Recorded: October 26, 2023

Guest:

Topics:

  • Iran in an Evolving World Order
  • Israeli-Palestinian Conflict
  • Armenian-Iranian Relations
  • Azerbaijani-Iranian Relations
  • Vision for a Better Future

Episode 287 | Recorded: October 20, 2023

Guest:

Topics:

  • Iran in an Evolving World Order
  • Israeli-Palestinian Conflict
  • Armenian-Iranian Relations
  • Azerbaijani-Iranian Relations
  • Vision for a Better Future

Episode 287 | Recorded: October 20, 2023

Guest:

Topics:

  • Outstanding Causes of the Conflict
  • Why did Aliyev Bail out of Granada?
  • Could Azerbaijan Attack Armenia?
  • How Might Events Unfold?

Episode 283 | Recorded: October 5, 2023

Guest:

Topics:

  • Outstanding Causes of the Conflict
  • Why did Aliyev Bail out of Granada?
  • Could Azerbaijan Attack Armenia?
  • How Might Events Unfold?

Episode 283 | Recorded: October 5, 2023

Guest:

Topics:

  • Artsakh Surrenders, Armenia Watches
  • What “Peace Treaty” in Granada?
  • Arrested Artsakh Leaders Held Hostage

Episode 281 | Recorded: October 1, 2023

Guest:

Topics:

  • Artsakh Surrenders, Armenia Watches
  • What “Peace Treaty” in Granada?
  • Arrested Artsakh Leaders Held Hostage

Episode 281 | Recorded: October 1, 2023

Guest:

Topics:

  • Developments in Artsakh
  • Geopolitics in the South Caucasus

Episode 278 | Recorded: September 10, 2023

Guest:

Topics:

  • Developments in Artsakh
  • Geopolitics in the South Caucasus

Episode 278 | Recorded: September 10, 2023

Artsakh Blockade Flash Update with Gev Iskajyan - Ep 270, July 19, 2023

Armenian News Network Groong - July 19, 2023

Guest:

Topics:

  • Continuing Azeri Aggression
    • Daily shootings, mortar fire
    • Constant shooting at farmers in the fields
    • Level of hardship
    • Level of determination
  • Azerbaijan claims Armenians can use road through Aghdam
    • Chales Michel welcomes this!?!?!?!?
  • “National Movement” Launched on July 14, 2023
    • What is the message to the world, and goals?
  • HayaQve (.am)

Episode 270 | Recorded: July 19, 2023

Artsakh Blockade Flash Update with Gev Iskajyan - Ep 270, July 19, 2023

Armenian News Network Groong - July 19, 2023

Guest:

Topics:

  • Continuing Azeri Aggression
    • Daily shootings, mortar fire
    • Constant shooting at farmers in the fields
    • Level of hardship
    • Level of determination
  • Azerbaijan claims Armenians can use road through Aghdam
    • Chales Michel welcomes this!?!?!?!?
  • “National Movement” Launched on July 14, 2023
    • What is the message to the world, and goals?
  • HayaQve (.am)

Episode 270 | Recorded: July 19, 2023

Guest:

Topics:

  • Armenia Azerbaijan Negotiations
  • US, Armenian NSC Advisors Meet
  • New MPG Poll
  • Haya-Qve [.am]

Episode 268 | Recorded: July 10, 2023

Guest:

Topics:

  • Armenia Azerbaijan Negotiations
  • US, Armenian NSC Advisors Meet
  • New MPG Poll
  • Haya-Qve [.am]

Episode 268 | Recorded: July 10, 2023

Guest:

Topics:

  • Concrete Barriers On Hakari Bridge
  • Erdogan visit to Azerbaijan
  • Lukashenko at the CSTO
  • Putin Defuses Wagnerian Opera
  • Pashinyan 44-Day War Testimony in Parliament
  • HayaQve [.am]

Episode 264 | Recorded: June 27, 2023

Guest:

Topics:

  • Concrete Barriers On Hakari Bridge
  • Erdogan visit to Azerbaijan
  • Lukashenko at the CSTO
  • Putin Defuses Wagnerian Opera
  • Pashinyan 44-Day War Testimony in Parliament
  • HayaQve [.am]

Episode 264 | Recorded: June 27, 2023

Dziunik Aghajanian - on Armenian Diplomacy, Foreign Policy, the Pashinyan Agenda, and Mother Armenia

Guest:

Topics:

  • Intro to Ms Aghajanian
    • Career path, Mentors, Influencers
    • Parting ways with the MFA
  • How did Armenia Resist Turkish Pressure prior to 2018
  • Impressions of 2018 events
  • On Pashinyan’s Policies to Surrender Artsakh
    • Letter Planning the Surrender
    • Messaging Aliyev to begin Instigations
    • Changing Security Doctrine
  • The Myth of Western Security Guarantees
  • Pashinyan’s Fiction re Alma Ata and Madrid Principles
  • On Armenia’s National Interests
  • On Armenian
 Read More

Dziunik Aghajanian - on Armenian Diplomacy, Foreign Policy, the Pashinyan Agenda, and Mother Armenia

Guest:

Topics:

  • Intro to Ms Aghajanian
    • Career path, Mentors, Influencers
    • Parting ways with the MFA
  • How did Armenia Resist Turkish Pressure prior to 2018
  • Impressions of 2018 events
  • On Pashinyan’s Policies to Surrender Artsakh
    • Letter Planning the Surrender
    • Messaging Aliyev to begin Instigations
    • Changing Security Doctrine
  • The Myth of Western Security Guarantees
  • Pashinyan’s Fiction re Alma Ata and Madrid Principles
  • On Armenia’s National Interests
  • On Armenian
 Read More

Guest:

Topics:

  • Azerbaijan Officially Blocks Berdzor/Lachin Corridor
  • Update on Armenian-Azeri Negotiations
  • Drug Use Epidemic in Armenia

Episode 251 | Recorded: May 1, 2023

Guest:

Topics:

  • Azerbaijan Officially Blocks Berdzor/Lachin Corridor
  • Update on Armenian-Azeri Negotiations
  • Drug Use Epidemic in Armenia

Episode 251 | Recorded: May 1, 2023

Guest:

Topics:

  • Intro to Anna Kostanyan and Hamakhmbum (Consolidation) Movement
  • New HR Ombudswoman Anahit Manasyan
  • Azeri Attacks and Infiltrations into Armenia
  • Yerevan Mayor-less Until End of 2023 Elections

Episode 248 | Recorded: April 16, 2023

Guest:

Topics:

  • Intro to Anna Kostanyan and Hamakhmbum (Consolidation) Movement
  • New HR Ombudswoman Anahit Manasyan
  • Azeri Attacks and Infiltrations into Armenia
  • Yerevan Mayor-less Until End of 2023 Elections

Episode 248 | Recorded: April 16, 2023

Artsakh Blockade Flash Update with Gev Iskajyan - Ep 246, Apr 12, 2023

Armenian News Network Groong - April 12, 2023

Guest:

Topics:

  • April 11 Azeri Aggression near Tegh
    • What Agency does Artsakh have in keeping links open?
  • Bothsidism of EU and Russia in the face of Azeri Aggression
  • Who is to Blame for the Continuing Losses in Armenian Life?
  • Reaction of the Armenian Government
  • About the EU Mission and its Role and Effectiveness
  • Stepanakert invites Baku to talks
  • Artsakh Farmers Urged to work in Russian Presence

Episode 246 | Recorded: April 12, 2023

 Read More

Artsakh Blockade Flash Update with Gev Iskajyan - Ep 246, Apr 12, 2023

Armenian News Network Groong - April 12, 2023

Guest:

Topics:

  • April 11 Azeri Aggression near Tegh
    • What Agency does Artsakh have in keeping links open?
  • Bothsidism of EU and Russia in the face of Azeri Aggression
  • Who is to Blame for the Continuing Losses in Armenian Life?
  • Reaction of the Armenian Government
  • About the EU Mission and its Role and Effectiveness
  • Stepanakert invites Baku to talks
  • Artsakh Farmers Urged to work in Russian Presence

Episode 246 | Recorded: April 12, 2023

 Read More

Guest:

Topic:

  • Azerbaijan Invades, Pashinyan “Explains”
  • Armenia at the Democracy Summit
  • Armenia and the Rome Statute
  • Iran FM in Moscow, Azeri FM in Israel

Episode 242 | Recorded: April 3, 2023

Guest:

Topic:

  • Azerbaijan Invades, Pashinyan “Explains”
  • Armenia at the Democracy Summit
  • Armenia and the Rome Statute
  • Iran FM in Moscow, Azeri FM in Israel

Episode 242 | Recorded: April 3, 2023

Guest:

Topics:

  • Pashinyan’s Press Conference
  • Negotiating with Belligerent Azerbaijan
  • Mirzoyan in Moscow
  • Mayoral Politics in Yerevan

Episode 240 | Recorded: March 20, 2023

Guest:

Topics:

  • Pashinyan’s Press Conference
  • Negotiating with Belligerent Azerbaijan
  • Mirzoyan in Moscow
  • Mayoral Politics in Yerevan

Episode 240 | Recorded: March 20, 2023

Artsakh Blockade Flash Update with Gev Iskajyan - Ep 235, Mar 6, 2023

Armenian News Network Groong - March 6, 2023

Guest:

Topics:

  • Azerbaijan Attack Kills 3 Artsakh Citizens
  • Arayik Harutyunyan rejects Azeri ultimatum, Warns of Further Aggression
  • How are people responding?
  • About the international response
  • Russian peacekeeper report and response
  • On the trilateral agreement of Nov. 2020

Episode 235 | Recorded: March 6, 2023

Artsakh Blockade Flash Update with Gev Iskajyan - Ep 235, Mar 6, 2023

Armenian News Network Groong - March 6, 2023

Guest:

Topics:

  • Azerbaijan Attack Kills 3 Artsakh Citizens
  • Arayik Harutyunyan rejects Azeri ultimatum, Warns of Further Aggression
  • How are people responding?
  • About the international response
  • Russian peacekeeper report and response
  • On the trilateral agreement of Nov. 2020

Episode 235 | Recorded: March 6, 2023

Today we’re going to talk with Anna Abrahamian about two or three topics.

  • The Munich Security Conference 2023.
  • We’ll touch on Russian president Putin’s state of the federation address.
  • The latest political developments in Artsakh.

Guest:

  • Anna Abrahamian , a geopolitical analyst who splits her time between Moscow and Athens. Having obtained training in international law, Anna has worked in such noteworthy institutions as the Defense Analyses Institute in Athens as well as the Crisis Group in Brussels. Today, Anna provides her analysis on geopolitics and Armenian politics to her
 Read More

Today we’re going to talk with Anna Abrahamian about two or three topics.

  • The Munich Security Conference 2023.
  • We’ll touch on Russian president Putin’s state of the federation address.
  • The latest political developments in Artsakh.

Guest:

  • Anna Abrahamian , a geopolitical analyst who splits her time between Moscow and Athens. Having obtained training in international law, Anna has worked in such noteworthy institutions as the Defense Analyses Institute in Athens as well as the Crisis Group in Brussels. Today, Anna provides her analysis on geopolitics and Armenian politics to her
 Read More

Guests:

  • Suren Sargsyan , founder and a President at the Armenian Center for American Studies, a research center based in Yerevan.

“Pashinyan’s participation in Munich Security Conference didn’t give anything to Armenia” - Suren Sargsyan

Topic:

Today is day 72 of the total blockade of Artsakh. For 72 days, the 120K citizens of Artsakh have not had the ability to enter or exit their country. They are deprived of the ability to visit Armenia or to receive guests from Armenia. With very limited supplies, they are forced to ration food with the help of food stamps in order to

 Read More

Guests:

  • Suren Sargsyan , founder and a President at the Armenian Center for American Studies, a research center based in Yerevan.

“Pashinyan’s participation in Munich Security Conference didn’t give anything to Armenia” - Suren Sargsyan

Topic:

Today is day 72 of the total blockade of Artsakh. For 72 days, the 120K citizens of Artsakh have not had the ability to enter or exit their country. They are deprived of the ability to visit Armenia or to receive guests from Armenia. With very limited supplies, they are forced to ration food with the help of food stamps in order to

 Read More

Guest:

Topics:

  • 35th Anniversary of the Karabakh Movement
  • Russia Warns the EU and Armenia
  • Armenian Azerbaijani Negotiations Continue
  • Personal topics

Episode 226 | Recorded: February 19, 2023

Guest:

Topics:

  • 35th Anniversary of the Karabakh Movement
  • Russia Warns the EU and Armenia
  • Armenian Azerbaijani Negotiations Continue
  • Personal topics

Episode 226 | Recorded: February 19, 2023

Guest:

Topic:

  • Earthquake in Turkey and Syria
  • Armenia-Azerbaijan Conflict
    • FM Lavrov’s Interview to Russian Media
    • EU vs CSTO Missions
    • Shifting Public Perceptions
  • Political Shuffles in Yerevan

Episode 224 | Recorded: February 12, 2023

Guest:

Topic:

  • Earthquake in Turkey and Syria
  • Armenia-Azerbaijan Conflict
    • FM Lavrov’s Interview to Russian Media
    • EU vs CSTO Missions
    • Shifting Public Perceptions
  • Political Shuffles in Yerevan

Episode 224 | Recorded: February 12, 2023

Artsakh Blockade Flash Update with Gev Iskajyan - Ep 218, Jan 27, 2023

Armenian News Network Groong - Jan 27, 2023

Guest:

Topics:

Episode 218 | Recorded: January 27, 2023

 Read More

Artsakh Blockade Flash Update with Gev Iskajyan - Ep 218, Jan 27, 2023

Armenian News Network Groong - Jan 27, 2023

Guest:

Topics:

Episode 218 | Recorded: January 27, 2023

 Read More

Conversations on Groong - Jan 18, 2023

Guest:

Topics:

  • Indo-Armenian Friendship NGO
  • The Indian Community in Armenia
  • Where India sees itself on the world stage
  • Drivers for Indian-Armenian Relations
  • How to improve economic and trade relations
  • The Hope & Promise of Indian Armenian Friendship

Episode 209 | Recorded: January 18, 2023

Conversations on Groong - Jan 18, 2023

Guest:

Topics:

  • Indo-Armenian Friendship NGO
  • The Indian Community in Armenia
  • Where India sees itself on the world stage
  • Drivers for Indian-Armenian Relations
  • How to improve economic and trade relations
  • The Hope & Promise of Indian Armenian Friendship

Episode 209 | Recorded: January 18, 2023

Guests:

  • Aram Orbelyan , international law specialist, who is an attorney and managing partner at Concern Dialog law firm, and PhD in Public international law. Mr. Orbelyan lectures at the Academy of Advocates of the Republic of Armenia, and lectured public international law at French University of Armenia. Mr. Orbelyan was Deputy Minister of Justice of Armenia between 2011 and 2014.

“The Armenian government, under its legislation, is obliged to protect the independence of Artsakh” - Aram Orbelyan

Topic:

As of earlier this week, Artsakh has introduced coupons to ration food. Other

 Read More

Guests:

  • Aram Orbelyan , international law specialist, who is an attorney and managing partner at Concern Dialog law firm, and PhD in Public international law. Mr. Orbelyan lectures at the Academy of Advocates of the Republic of Armenia, and lectured public international law at French University of Armenia. Mr. Orbelyan was Deputy Minister of Justice of Armenia between 2011 and 2014.

“The Armenian government, under its legislation, is obliged to protect the independence of Artsakh” - Aram Orbelyan

Topic:

As of earlier this week, Artsakh has introduced coupons to ration food. Other

 Read More

Guest:

  • Karen Vrtanesyan , expert on military and warfare strategies with a focus on Armenia and its neighboring region. Co-founder of the website razm.info.

“This is not a humanitarian crisis. This is a political crisis, a crisis of statehood. -Karen Vrtanesyan

Topic:

This interview is a continuation of the collaboration between Groong and 168 Hours aiming to bring you more English-language coverage on the developments of this very serious humanitarian crisis in progress.

Links:

Episode 196 | Recorded: December 30, 2022

Guest:

  • Karen Vrtanesyan , expert on military and warfare strategies with a focus on Armenia and its neighboring region. Co-founder of the website razm.info.

“This is not a humanitarian crisis. This is a political crisis, a crisis of statehood. -Karen Vrtanesyan

Topic:

This interview is a continuation of the collaboration between Groong and 168 Hours aiming to bring you more English-language coverage on the developments of this very serious humanitarian crisis in progress.

Links:

Episode 196 | Recorded: December 30, 2022

Guest:

  • Arthur Khachatryan , an MP from the Hayastan (Armenia) alliance and member of the Armenian Revolutionary Federation (ARF Dashnaktsutyun). In the past, he held government posts such as Deputy Minister of Territorial Administration and Development, Governor of Shirak, and Minister of Agriculture.

“The Armenian authorities are trying to bury the issue of status of Artsakh” -Arthur Khachatryan

Topic:

More than 120,000 people remain trapped in the Republic of Artsakh (or Nagorno-Karabakh) due to Azerbaijan’s blockade of the Lachin corridor, as this crisis enters its 15th day.

 Read More

Guest:

  • Arthur Khachatryan , an MP from the Hayastan (Armenia) alliance and member of the Armenian Revolutionary Federation (ARF Dashnaktsutyun). In the past, he held government posts such as Deputy Minister of Territorial Administration and Development, Governor of Shirak, and Minister of Agriculture.

“The Armenian authorities are trying to bury the issue of status of Artsakh” -Arthur Khachatryan

Topic:

More than 120,000 people remain trapped in the Republic of Artsakh (or Nagorno-Karabakh) due to Azerbaijan’s blockade of the Lachin corridor, as this crisis enters its 15th day.

 Read More

“This is the policy of ethnic cleansing and genocide against the people of Artsakh” -Arman Tatoyan

Guest:

  • Arman Tatoyan , is the former ombudsman of the Republic of Armenia. Currently actively pursues human rights for Armenians in the republics of Armenia and Artsakh, especially through his foundation, the “Tatoyan” Center for Law and Justice.

Topic:

This is Day 9 of the blockade of Artsakh by Azerbaijan.

As we are recording this discussion, more than 120 thousand people remain trapped in the Republic of Artsakh (or Nagorno-Karabakh). For 9 days, Azerbaijan has brazenly blocked

 Read More

“This is the policy of ethnic cleansing and genocide against the people of Artsakh” -Arman Tatoyan

Guest:

  • Arman Tatoyan , is the former ombudsman of the Republic of Armenia. Currently actively pursues human rights for Armenians in the republics of Armenia and Artsakh, especially through his foundation, the “Tatoyan” Center for Law and Justice.

Topic:

This is Day 9 of the blockade of Artsakh by Azerbaijan.

As we are recording this discussion, more than 120 thousand people remain trapped in the Republic of Artsakh (or Nagorno-Karabakh). For 9 days, Azerbaijan has brazenly blocked

 Read More

Guest:

Topics:

  • November 10 as perceived by Artsakhtsis
  • Update on the status of refugees
  • Update on the economy of Artsakh
  • Rally at the Renaissance Square
  • Generating and communicating support for Artsakh

Episode 178 | Recorded: November 14, 2022